772
Appendix C
Binomial Theorem ( a + b ) n = a n + ⎞ ⎠ a n −1 b + ⎛ ⎝ ⎛ ⎝
⎛ ⎝
⎞ ⎠ ab n −1 + b n ,
⎞ ⎠ a n −2 b 2 + ⋯ +
n n −1
n 1
n 2
⎛ ⎝
⎞ ⎠ =
n k
where n ! k !( n − k )! Formulas from Trigonometry Right-Angle Trigonometry sin θ = opp hyp csc θ = hyp opp cos θ = adj hyp sec θ = hyp adj n ( n −1)( n −2)⋯( n − k +1) k ( k −1)( k −2)⋯3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 =
tan θ = opp adj
cot θ = adj opp
Trigonometric Functions of Important Angles θ Radians sin θ cos θ tan θ
0°
0
0
1
0
30°
π/6
1/2
3/2
3/3
45°
π/4
1
2/2
2/2
60°
π/3
3/2 1/2
3
90°
π/2
1
0
—
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