Glucose-responsive insulin and diabetes
not degrade whilst in the skin, leaving behind any debris upon removal which may cause an immune response and thereby discomfort and swelling. 15 This newer model does not use glucose oxidase in the glucose-responsive system, which prevents the creation of the by-products gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide, both of which are irritants and can cause swelling at the site of patch application. 16 This technology could even be adapted for other uses in the future, such as a patch to mimic oral contraceptives for women based on specific hormone levels and other such stimuli-responsive systems. As of March 2020, the FDA accepted the application for first-in-human trials for this model of glucose- responsive microneedle patch, and the technology has been accepted into the FDA’s Emerging Technology Program. 17 Human clinical trials are anticipated to start within a few years and, if successful, could change the lives of millions today, and generations tomorrow.
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15 Luo et al. 2021. 16 See Compound Summary: Gluconic Acid 2021; Compound summary: Hydrogen Peroxide 2021. 17 UCLA Researchers Develop Coin-Sized Smart Insulin Patch 2020.
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