Bacteriophage therapy
Notwithstanding a large number of continuous challenges and struggles awaiting to be resolved, in particular with current medicinal regulatory standards and a consequently limited market, phage therapy has indeed moved to a new position to help human combat AMR, cancers, and potentially other globally prevalent diseases within its reach.
Acknowledgements
I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to Dr Dmitry Myelnikov, Dr Thomas Häusler, Mr Igor Astudillo Skliarova, Mr Mark Grantham-Hill, and those anonymous respondents who kindly and actively participated in my primary research in the form of survey and interviews. I would also like to thank Mr Alexis Lacheze-Beer, Mr Mark Grantham-Hill, Mr Nicholas Gardner, and Mrs Helen Stein for their critical reading of the manuscript and valuable editorial advice.
Bibliography
Ackermann, H. (2011). The first phage electron micrographs. Bacteriophage , 1 (4), 225-227. https://doi.org/10.4161/bact.1.4.17280 Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (2017). Therapeutic bacteriophage compositions . United States. Astudillo Skliarova, I. (2021). Scientific Details of Bacteriophages [Zoom]. Bacteriophages . (2016) Retrieved 10 January 2021, from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/biology-of-viruses/virus-biology/a/bacteriophages Balfour, H. (2020). Novel lysin-based antibacterial agent could help combat MRSA . Drug Target Review. Retrieved 5 January 2021, from https://www.drugtargetreview.com/news/70207/novel-lysin-based-antibacterial- agent-could-help-combat-mrsa/. Bar, H., Yacoby, I., & Benhar, I. (2008). Killing cancer cells by targeted drug-carrying phage nanomedicines. BMC Biotechnology , 8 (1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6750-8-37 Biswas, B., Adhya, S., Washart, P., Paul, B., Trostel, A., & Powell, B. et al. (2002). Bacteriophage Therapy Rescues Mice Bacteremic from a Clinical Isolate of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium. Infection and Immunity , 70 (1), 204-210. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.1.204-210.2002 Brives, C., & Pourraz, J. (2020). Phage therapy as a potential solution in the fight against AMR: obstacles and possible futures. Palgrave Communications , 6 (1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-0478-4 Carroll-Portillo, A., & Lin, H. (2019). Bacteriophage and the Innate Immune System: Access and Signaling. Microorganisms , 7 (12), 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120625 Chaudhry, W., Concepción-Acevedo, J., Park, T., Andleeb, S., Bull, J., & Levin, B. (2017). Synergy and Order Effects of Antibiotics and Phages in Killing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. PLOS ONE , 12 (1), e0168615. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168615 Comeau, A., & Krisch, H. (2005). War is peace — dispatches from the bacterial and phage killing fields. Current Opinion in Microbiology , 8 (4), 488-494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2005.06.004 Dąbrowska, K., Opolski, A., Wietrzyk, J., Switala -Jelen, K., Godlewska, J., & Boratynski, J. et al. (2004). Anticancer activity of bacteriophage T4 and its mutant HAP1 in mouse experimental tumour models. Anticancer Research , 24 (6), 3991-3995. Debarbieux, L., Pirnay, J., Verbeken, G., De Vos, D., Merabishvili, M., & Huys, I. et al. (2015). A bacteriophage journey at the European Medicines Agency. FEMS Microbiology Letters , 363 (2), fnv225. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnv225 Dedrick, R., Guerrero-Bustamante, C., Garlena, R., Russell, D., Ford, K., & Harris, K. et al. (2019). Engineered bacteriophages for treatment of a patient with a disseminated drug-resistant Mycobacterium abscessus. Nature Medicine , 25 (5), 730-733. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0437-z Deresinski, S. (2009). Bacteriophage Therapy: Exploiting Smaller Fleas. Clinical Infectious Diseases , 48 (8), 1096- 1101. https://doi.org/10.1086/597405 D’Hérelle, F. (1917). Sur un microbe invisible antagoniste des bacilles dysentériques. C R Acad Sci , 165 (11), 373- 375.
272
Made with FlippingBook interactive PDF creator