Twentieth Century, typically carried out by a colony against its Empirical ruler, for instance the Algerian War of Independence with France 1954. Most common however are intra-state armed conflicts, also known as Civil Wars, fought between a government and non-state group residing predominantly within the state in question, such as the Yugoslav Wars of the early 1990’s. Within Europe these grew in regularity following the breakup of the Soviet Union as the ideologically diverse populations within newly independent states struggled to form effective governments to fill the power vacuum. 263 Another issue with the traditional concept of intervention regards the omission of non-forceful methods of intervention. Particularly common in the contemporary global setting, where geo-political economy influences governmental policies more than ever before, various sanctions are imposed upon states and groups to bring an end to human suffering through indirect means. Typically, these sanctions imposed by the UN during the 1990’s included comprehensive monetary embargoes, changing in the latter half of the decade to “more limited measures such as arms embargoes, travel restrictions, and asset freezes.” 264 Despite the significance of such measures, I will be focusing on military-based policies throughout my work, however for the purpose of definitions, economic interventions must certainly be encompassed. As for humanitarian military interventions, these are short term operations with a principle focus on ending human suffering through the use of force. This often leads to the debate of a military humanism; an oxymoron as suggested by Adam Roberts, or a necessary means of obtaining peace? 265 This, I believe, is dependent on the way in which the intervention is carried out, from the motives 263 Marie Olson Lounsbery, Civil Wars: Internal Struggles, Global Consequences, (University of Toronto Press, 2008), pp. 20. 264 Barbara Oegg, ‘ Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: Third Edition’ , Peterson Institute of International Economics , (Washington, November, 2007), pp. 132. 265 Francis Abiew, ‘Assessing Humanitarian Intervention In The Post -Cold War Period: Sources Of Consensus ’, International Relations, 14.2, (1998), pp. 62.
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