The RtoP doctrine highlighted and expanded upon theoretical concepts such as natural law and common morality, both of which became prevalent in the policies of the UN towards the end of the Twentieth Century. Both classical and neo-realists view the use of force and military power as a necessary factor for achieving security in an international system characterised by anarchy. This policy of realpolitik is therefore engaged by all major states to pursue peace, but also national interests. Therefore, the realist approach to military intervention, similar to the counter-restrictionist approach, does outline potential dangers and issues surrounding state motives. However, the “omnipresent threat of war” requires the ability to impose the use of force to maintain regional security. 297 Despite an inherent opposition to liberally motivated democratic wars associated with territorial, economic or political gain, the 1990’s did present examples of the UN’s use of force deemed necessary by prominent Marxists. The 1999 East Timor conflict, involving East Timorese pro- integration militias and the newly independent civilians represents an oppressive act of violence justifying international military intervention. Noam Chomsky, a leading Marxist quoted; "In one month, this massive military operation murdered some 2,000 people, raped hundreds of women and girls, displaced three-quarters of the population, and demolished 75 percent of the country's infrastructure.” 298 This supports the need for a UN response to the internal affairs of a state, should the circumstances present a severe threat to human life, successfully carried out in East Timor by an Australian-led UN peacekeeping force. Within Marxist theory, state-centric conflicts, the second level of K enneth Waltz’s analysis are built upon characteristics such as political authority and patriotism. It is the latter of which Hans Morgenthau argues reflects man’s ‘ineradicable lust’ for transforming 297 Kenneth Waltz, ‘The Origin of War in Neorealist Theory’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History , 18.4, (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp. 615-628. 298 Noam Chomsky, Radical Priorities, ( AK Press, 2003), pp. 72.
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