contemporary terrorism.’ 57 Throughout the decades in discussion, anticolonial terrorism has been rife within America; it is the transition from a domestic level, as portrayed through the terrorist campaigns of the Puerto Rican separatists, to an international level of anticolonial terrorism, demonstrated in the use of hijackings and hostage taking situations, that re-enforces the developments addressed by Hoffman, initiating forms of terrorism that we are more familiar with today. As a consequence of involvement in the Arab-Israeli wars, the United States would find itself facing numerous enemy states that sought to fight against imperialism throughout the Middle East, in later years. 58 Palestinian journalist Saqr Abu Fakhr, discusses the threat of a ‘new barbarism’ in an article for al-Hayat al-Jahida ; ‘the American barbarism committed by the United States in the name of international legitimacy.’ 59 Attitudes such as these, along with knowledge and understanding of these international terrorist tactics, triggered a development of rogue states across the Middle East provoking anti- American sentiments that continues to develop, in threat and volume of support, to present day. In conclusion, the 1960s and 1970s in the United States, although not necessarily prominent in historical knowledge, emphatically shaped the future of terrorism through the incidents highlighted. Each provided a crucial threat of terror, rendering the legacy of these decades as one of transformation ‘from a primarily localised phenomenon into a security problem of global proportions. 60 The Youth Movement and its subsequent factions formed and 57 Hoffman, p. 62. 58 A Barry Rubin and Judith Colp Rubin, Anti-American Terrorism and the Middle East: A Documentary Reader (Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2004) p. 93 59 Saqr Abu Fakhr, ‘The New Barbarism’, 1998, cited in Barry Rubin and Judith Colp Rubin edn, Anti-American Terrorism and the Middle East: A Documentary Reader (Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2004) p. 129. 60 Hoffman, p. 62.
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