father Jo the first and would often accompany his father on his daily routine. While accompanying his father, Jojo witnesses some brutal behaviour such as arbitrary torture and his father imprisoning citizens at random. After Jo the first dies Jojo takes his place and continues his father’s brutal form of governing. When asked, Jojo claims he is happy with his actions and would not want to change them. In other words, he is controlled by his desires which are the desires that he wants to have. According to Frankfurt, Jojo is demonstrating free will but Wolf believes that this is dubious due to his childhood upbringing. To counteract this, Wolff adds a further condition, which is sanity. This condition must be met to show that free will is being demonstrated. Wolff defines sanity as a person knowing what they are doing and the person knowing the difference between right and wrong. This definition of sanity would disqualify the dictator’s son from being able to exercise free will as he would be diagnosed as insane. Wolff argues that sane “deep-selves” can evaluate themselves and correct themselves accordingly. If these conditions are met, then a person can exercise free will and are then responsible for their actions. Wolff claims that if we are free to act on our desires and are free to control our desires then no more freedom is necessary. Something must have caused the deep-self to be the way that it is. If people are capable of choosing which desires they will follow, and which desires they would like to have separate of causes external to themselves then determinism is not true. If Jojo’s deep-self is insane due to his upbringing, then sane deep-selves must be sane because of their upbringing. Both deep-selves could have been causally determined to be how they are. The sane deep-self argument is a strong argument in favour of people being able to demonstrate free will, but it does not demonstrate that free will is compatible with determinism. The deep-
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