Photobiomodulation Clinical Evidence

Karu 2010 | Mitochondria, ATP

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Karu T. Mitochondrial mechanisms of photobiomodulation in context of new data about multiple roles of ATP. Photomed Laser Surg. 2010 Apr;28(2):159-60.

- Mitochondria are the initial site of light action in cells, and cytochrome c oxidase (the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain) is the responsible molecule. - Mixed-valence copper components of cytochrome c oxidase , CuA and CuB, are believed to be the photo-acceptors. - The excitation of the photo-acceptor molecule sets in motion cellular metabolism through cascades of reactions called cellular signalling or retrograde mitochondrial signalling. - At least two reactions are starting points for monitoring cellular- signalling reactions after light action on the cytochrome c oxidase molecule. - One of them is dissociation of NO from the catalytic center of cytochrome c oxidase. - Another signalling pathway starting from the mitochondria is connected with ATP .

This article summarizes the literature that investigated the cellular responses to laser irradiation. It highlights the importance of - Mitochondria and Cytochrome C - ATP

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