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L2 SOFTWARE FOR FORCE MEASUREMENT ADVANCED TEST BUILDER
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
PAGE
General Safety Precautions
6 6 8 8 8 8 9 9
15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 17.0 17.1
Post Test Options Return Home Option Export Raw Option Export Results Option
37 37 37 39 40 41 42 42 43 44 44 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 56 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 62 62 63 63 63 64 64
Warnings
1.0 1.1 1.2 2.0 3.0 3.1 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 7.0 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 9.0 9.1 9.2
Introduction
System Description Product Support Using the Test Builder Creating a New Test Selecting the Test Builder
Runs Limit
Naming Your Test Setup Editing Your Test Setup Copying Your Test Setup
Test Steps
10 11 11 12 12 13 14 14 15 16 16 17 18 19 20 20 21 22 23 23 24 25 25 26 26 27 28 28 29 30 30 32 34 36
Deleting Your Test
Step Reference Step Sequence Adding a Step Deleting a Step Tension Steps
L2 Operation Display Views
17.1.2 Test Menu View
17.1.3 Data View
17.1.3.1 Display Header 17.1.3.2 DRO Section 17.1.3.3 Control Section 17.1.3.4 Results Section 17.1.4 Graph View 17.1.5 Data Summary View
Tension Load Limit
Tension Distance Limit Tension Break Limit Compression Steps
Compression Load Limit Compression Distance Limit Compression Break Limit Steps and Data Gathering
17.1.6 Statistics View
18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8
System Settings
Contact Information
Cycle and Loop Steps
About
Cycle Count Cycle Time
Languages
Security
Loops
System Login File Locations
Hold Steps Load Hold
Motion Loads
Distance Hold
10.0 11.0 11.1 11.2 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 14.0
Datums
18.8.1 Pinch Load
Ask Steps Ask Prompt Tell Prompt
18.9
Calibration
18.10 Tests
18.11 Coefficients 18.12 Desktop 18.13 Display Formats
Data (Coefficients)
Add Data
Delete Data
18.14 Sounds
Data Appearance
19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4
Reports
Scope
Run Report Batch Report Graph Report
Scope Properties
Using a Single Scope
Using a Begin and End Scope
Statistics Reports
Using a Tolerance
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COMPONENTS
Column
Crosshead
Load Cell Sensor
L2 Controller
Top Text Fixture
Bottom Text Fixture
Base Plate
Emergency Stop
Start/Stop Button
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GENERAL INFORMATION
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Force measurement systems are potentially hazardous. Prior to operating your testing system, Starrett recommends that you read and understand the instruction manuals for your system and components and that you receive training on the proper use of this equipment from your authorized Starrett representative. Observe all warnings and cautions identified in this manual for your equipment. A warning identifies a function that may lead to injury or death. A caution identifies a hazard that may lead to damage to equipment or loss of data. Starrett products, to the best of our knowledge, comply with various national and international safety standards as they apply to material and force measurement testing. This Starrett product has been tested and found to comply with the following recognized standards: • EN61010-1 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment • EN61000-6-3 EMC Generic Emissions Standard • EN61000-6-1 EMC Generic Immunity Standard Starrett also certifies that this product complies with all relevant EU directives and carries the CE mark.
WARNINGS EMERGENCY STOP
Press the emergency stop button whenever you feel there is an unsafe condition during a test. The emergency stop button removes power to the motor drive system causing the crosshead to stop. FLYING DEBRIS Eye protection, protective clothing and splinter/safety shields should be used whenever any possibility exists of a hazard from the failure of a sample, assembly or structure under test. Due to the wide range of materials that may be tested and that may result in a failure which may cause bodily injury, the precautions and preventative methods taken prior to testing is entirely the responsibility of the owner and the user of the equipment. CRUSH HAZARD Always use caution when installing or removing apparatus and your sample material between the frame's crosshead and the base. A potential pinch/crush hazard exists. Keep clear of the testing fixture, and particularly the jaw faces at all times. Keep clear of the crosshead during movement. Always make sure the Pinch Load feature is enabled. This will stop inadvertent crosshead operation if in manual mode. Always ensure that other personnel cannot operate the system while you are working within the test fixture area. ELECTRICAL HAZARD Disconnect equipment from the electrical power supply before removing any electrical safety covers. Disconnect power when replacing fuses. Never reconnect power while the covers are removed. Never operate the system with protective covers removed. ROTATING MACHINERY HAZARD Always disconnect power before removing covers that protect the user from the internal rotating mechanisms. If maintenance to the drive mechanism is required, and power is needed to perform maintenance to the drive system, maintenance should be performed by an authorized Starrett representative who has received factory training on performing such procedures.
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L2 SOFTWARE FOR FORCE MEASUREMENT ADVANCED TEST BUILDER
THIS IS A STARRETT USER GUIDE FOR THE L2 SOFTWARE. ALL SPECIFICATIONS IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE CORRECT AT TIME OF PRODUCTION AND ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE. PLEASE CONTACT STARRETT FOR FURTHER INFORMATION.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION Thank you and congratulations for selecting the FMS testing system for your force measurement testing. Your FMS testing system may be used for tension and compression testing including specific test methods such as peak, break, constant hold, flexural, shear, peel, coefficient of friction and more. Your FMS testing system should be used with Starrett equipment and accessories only. And for optimum performance, your FMS testing system should be maintained and serviced annually by an authorized Starrett representative. 1.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Your FMS system consists of the testing frame, L2 digital controller, load cell sensors and test fixtures. Together, these components provide you with a full-featured testing system for most force measurement testing applications. 1.2 PRODUCT SUPPORT If you require product support for your Starrett system, contact your authorized Starrett representative. Authorized Starrett representatives are listed on our website at www.starrett.com. In the event that your Starrett representative may not be able to assist you, contact Starrett at one of our many international sales offices. Our sales offices are listed on our website at www.starrett.com.
2.0 USING THE TEST BUILDER The Test Builder application let's you create any type of test for your FMS systems. You also have the option to use pre-configured test setups using the Test Templates supplied with your L2 controller. The Test Builder lets you setup Pre Test and Post Test operations for your tester. Additionally, you select the results, called coefficents, that you want reported based on the completion of your test. All tests created using the Test Builder use steps, that control the operation of your tester and more specifically control the direction and velocity for your crosshead movement. The Test Builder is especially useful for complex and multi-step test methods. It can also be used to create test procedures that follow international testing standard procedures fromASTM, DIN, ISO and others.
FMS500
FMS1000
FMS2500
FMS5000
The FMS Single-Column Force Measurement Systems
New Test Symbol
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3.0 CREATING A NEW TEST You create a new test by selecting the New Test symbol. The New Test symbol is always located at the Home view. SELECT THE NEW TEST SYMBOL. The Home view displays the Menu for New Tests. You have four New
Test options: • Load Test • Distance Test • Break Test • Test Builder
The Load Test template lets you create a quick load limit test. Your test is complete when your system meets the load setpoint that you specified. The Distance Test template lets you create a quick distance limit test. Your test is complete when your system meets the distance setpoint that you specified. The Break Test template lets you create a quick break limit test. Your test is complete when a sample break occurs based on your specified break criterion. The Test Builder is an advanced application where you have total freedom to create the test method you desire. 3.1 SELECTING THE TEST BUILDER TheTest Builder is usedwhen youwant to create your test fromscratchwithout using the pre-configured Load Test, Distance Test or Break Test templates. Select the Test Builder... menu option.
Home View
When you select the New Test symbol, you have four methods for creating a new test setup: • Load Quick Test • Distance Quick Test • Break Quick Test • Test Builder Application
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4.0 TEST STEPS All test setups have four fundamental steps: • Pre Test • Step Moves • Data (Coefficients) • Post Test
The Load Units may be either N (newtons), LBF (pound-force), KGF (kilogram-force), GF (gram-force) and OZF (ounce-force). Some higher capacity load cell sensors will not allow GF or OZF units to be selected due to the available display resolutions. The Distance Units may be either in (inches) or mm (millimeters). If Set Home = YES, the location where the crosshead is positioned when your test is started is automatically assigned as the Home position. The factory setting for Sampling (Hz) is 100 or 100 samples per second. During a test, data is sampled and collected 100 times per second. You have the option to increase or decrease the sampling rate from 5 to 1,000. The Last Batch Step option is usefull when you are performing the same test setup on multiple samples or parts ( a "batch" of parts). The ASK step may be used (at the beginning of the test setup) to ask questions that only need to be answered once, such as "Operator Name" or "Batch ID". These ASK steps will be skipped on the second and subsequent runs of the test if the Last Batch Step is set to the first step after them.
The Pre Test step lets you define activities and functions that occur prior to the actual testing, hence the term, Pre Test. Pre Test options include:
• Lock Test • Load Units • Distance Units • Set Home • Sampling (Hz) • Last Batch Step • Load Cell • Height Mode
Lock Test may be either NO (disabled) or YES (enabled). If enabled, the test setup cannot be revised, edited, or deleted unless performed by an authorized user.
Pre Test menu
Data (Coefficients) menu
Pre Test options
Post Test menu
Crosshead Move types
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4.1 STEP REFERENCE All steps within your test setup have a reference number. The reference number is the sequence in which the step takes place. The step reference is also used with scoping and helps identify how functions or formulas are to be performed within a test and between identified steps. 4.2 STEP SEQUENCE All test setups are a combination of steps. Steps are performed in sequential order. The Pre Test step is always step 1 whether or not any Pre Test options are used. When you create a new test setup, the Pre Test is always step 1. The Data step is step 2 and the Post Test is step 3. However, a test cannot be performed until you add a movement step, therefore, a move step is inserted based on the type of test you want to perform. The move step is always added after step 1 (Pre Test). Once a step is added, in this case a move step, the subsequent steps are incremented, e.g. step 2 (Data) becomes step 3. Steps continue to be incremented downward as more steps are added to your setup. Step references are also displayed during the test in the status message. Duringyour test, the statusmessagewill display the test stepbeingperformed. Once your test is completed, the message will read "Test is complete."
The Load Cell option allows you to select which load cell sensor model and capacity is to be used for your test setup. All load cell sensors are TEDs compatible. This means that they comply with IEEE 1451 and that the sensor self-identify their model number, capacity and other key characteristics when they are connected to your Starrett testing frame. By specifying the load cell model, you can ensure that your test is always performed using the same sensor model and capacity. When Height Mode is YES, the tester uses the height of the sample on which to base distances. Height mode is normally used in compression tests like for a spring compression test. Using height mode, you must first establish the datum position on which the height result is based upon. When you create a test setup using the Test Builder application, you select steps that represent steps or individual movements of the crosshead in a direction you desire. Steps are also referred to a steps because a series of steps are generally necessary to create a test setup. In an L2 test setup using the Test Builder, the Pre Test function is always Step 1 whether or not you use any of the Pre Test options. The Step number is displayed in the setup menu view.
Step Reference Numbers
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4.4 DELETING A STEP Steps may be selected by touching the step reference number. Touching the step on the left will expand the step for editing and step definition. Select the step reference number to delete a step, then select the delete symbol (X). This will permanently delete the step.
4.3 ADDING A STEP Crosshead move steps are listed at the bottom of the test setup menu. Six types of steps are listed and available for your to add: Tension, Compression, Cycle, Hold, Datum and Ask. The individual step types will be described later in this section. To add a step, select the crosshead step type. The step will automatically be added above the Data step (except Loop steps which are inserted after the Data step). Adding another move step will add that step sequentially to your test setup list. If multiple move steps are used, the steps are listed in the order you added them to your test setup, but always above the Data step.
Select a Stage Move type. Our example Adds a Tension Load Move.
Select the Stage Move to Delete. Select the "X" to delete the step.
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5.0 TENSION STEPS Break and input tension steps always move the crosshead upwards. Tension movements are "pull" movements. Your L2 controller supports three types of tension steps: Load, Distance and Break. You may have multiple tension steps within a test setup.
Tension Load Move Moves to a Load Limit Tension Distance Move Moves to a Distance Limit Tension Break Move Moves to a Break Limit
Tension Moves
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5.1 TENSION LOAD LIMIT The Tension Load Limit move causes the crosshead to move upward until it meets a load setpoint. You define the load target (setpoint), which is measured by the load cell sensor during your test. Once this load is achieved, the test or the step is completed. • Select the Tension symbol. • Select the Tension Load symbol. • Enter your Load Target and Test Speed. 5.2
TENSION DISTANCE LIMIT The Tension Distance Limit move causes the crosshead to move upward until it meets a distance setpoint. You define the distance target (setpoint), which is measured by the encoder during your test. Once this distance is achieved, the test or the step is completed. • Select the Tension symbol. • Select the Tension Distance symbol. • Enter your Distance Target and Test Speed.
Tension Load Move. Enter the Load Limit setpoint.
Tension Distance Move. Enter the Distance Limit setpoint.
Enter the Test Speed.
Enter the Test Speed.
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5.3 TENSION BREAK LIMIT The L2 controller can be used to perform a break test.
During a break test, the sample is pulled until the measured load drops (either by a % from peak or by a specific load value), which indicates a break event. Whenyouconfigureabreak test,youspecify theBreak%.This is thepercentage drop in load from a measured peak load. For example, if the measured peak load is 100 lbf, and the Break % = 20%, the break load = 80 lbf. The Minimum Break is the measured load that must first be achieved before the system starts looking for the break event. The minimum break protects against false break events in samples that exhibit significant load changes when under stress, e.g. peel tests. • Select the Tension symbol. • Select the Tension Break symbol. • Enter your Break % (percentage drop from the peak load) • Enter the Minimum Break value. • Enter the Test Speed.
ENTER THE BREAK %. The Break % is the percentage drop in the measured load from a previously measured Peak Load. When the load drops by this percentage, the L2 software determines the Break Load. Before a Peak Load or Break Load can be determines, the sample must FIRST exceed the Minimum Break Load you establish. You are required to enter the Min Break to counter samples that may exhibit significant load changes during their intial tension.
ENTER THE MINIMUM LOAD FOR THE BREAK This is the load value that must FIRST be met before your L2 software begins to look for your Break % Drop. Min Break is a "precondition" that must happen FIRST before the load detection begins.
Enter the Test Speed.
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6.0 COMPRESSION STEPS Compression steps move the crosshead in an downward direction. Compression movements are "push" movements. Your L2 controller supports three types of compression steps: Load, Distance and Break/ Rupture. You may have multiple compression steps within a test setup. 6.1
COMPRESSION LOAD LIMIT The Compression Load Limit move causes the crosshead to move downward until it meets a load setpoint. You define the load target (setpoint), which is measured by the load cell sensor during your test. Once this load is achieved, the test or the step is completed. • Select the Compression symbol.
• Select the Compression Load symbol. • Enter your Load Target and Test Speed.
Compression Load Move. Enter the Compression Limit setpoint.
Enter the Test Speed.
Compression Moves
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6.2 COMPRESSION DISTANCE LIMIT The Compression Distance Limit move causes the crosshead to move downward until it meets a distance setpoint. You define the distance target (setpoint), which is measured by the encoder during your test. Once this distance is achieved, the test or the step is completed. • Select the Compression symbol.
• Select the Compression Distance symbol. • Enter your Distance Target and Test Speed.
Compression Distance Move. Enter the Compression Limit setpoint.
Enter the Test Speed.
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6.3 COMPRESSION BREAK LIMIT The L2 controller can be used to perform a break test.
During a break test, the sample is pulled until the measured load drops (either by a % from peak or by a specific load value), which indicates a break event. Whenyouconfigureabreak test,youspecify theBreak%.This is thepercentage drop in load from a measured peak load. For example, if the measured peak load is 100 lbf, and the Break % = 20%, the break load = 80 lbf. Another method for defining the break is to specify a Break Drop. Using the same 100 lbf peak, if my Break Drop = 20 lbf, the Break Load = 80 lbf. The Minimum Break is the measured load that must first be achieved before the system starts looking for the break event. The minimum break protects against false break events in samples that exhibit significant load changes when under stress, e.g. peel tests. • Select the Compression symbol. • Select the Compression Break symbol. • Enter your Break % (percentage drop from the peak load) • Enter the Minimum Break value. • Enter the Test Speed.
ENTER THE BREAK %. The Break % is the percentage drop in the measured load from a previously measured Peak Load. When the load drops by this percentage, the L2 software determines the Break Load. Before a Peak Load or Break Load can be determines, the sample must FIRST exceed the Minimum Break Load you establish. You are required to enter the Min Break to counter samples that may exhibit significant load changes during their intial tension.
ENTER THE MINIMUM LOAD FOR THE BREAK. This is the load value that must FIRST be met before your L2 software begins to look for your Break % Drop Min Break is a "precondition" that must happen FIRST before the load detection begins.
Enter the Test Speed.
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7.0 STEPS AND DATA GATHERING Steps have an option called Data Gathering. When Data Gathering = YES, data is collected by the system for the move. This data is used for graphing and available for export as raw data. When the Data Gathering = NO, no data is collected. The move changes to a "go to" step. A Go To move collects no data. A Go To step simply causes the crosshead to move without collecting data to your designated target. You can create a preconditioning step in your test setup using a Go To step.
When Collect Data = YES, your system will collect the raw data associated with the move step.
A "Go To" step symbol appears differently than a move step where data is being collected. The symbol is "unfilled" to indicate a "Go To".
Expand or collapse (close) some sections within the test setup menus. The "+" expands the selection. The "-" closes or collapses the selection.
When Collect Data = NO, your system will not collect raw data associated with the move. This move is now a "Go To" and causes the crosshead to move without collecting data during the move procedure.
Sections within an expanded step may be closed or expanded, including the Data Gathering section. Data gathering is always on by default in the Tension, Compression and Hold steps. Data Gathering does not exist in the Cycle, Datum or Ask steps. Data is not saved for these steps.
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8.0 CYCLE AND LOOP STEPS Your L2 controller allows you to perform cyclic testing. Cyclic tests occur between multiple steps where the actions of these steps are repeated either by a number of counts or by using a time period. 8.1
CYCLE COUNT When you cycle within a test, you must specify the step where you want your cycle to begin. You then specify the number of times you want the cycle to be performed. The minimum cycle count = 2. The maximum cycle count = 1000. Typically, you will have at least two steps that you wish to cycle between, but you may have a series of steps that you can cycle.When multiple steps are cycled, you specify the first step and then all steps starting with the first step and the last step prior to the cycle move step will be performed. • Select the Cycle symbol. • Select the Cycle Count symbol. • Select the first step where the cycle will begin. • Specify the number of counts that the cycle shall be performed.
Specify the Step Number where the cycle will begin.
The "link" shows what steps are connected by the cycling step.
Use the Cycle Count step when you want to repeat a step(s) a specified number of times.
Specify the number of "repeats" that the steps will be performed. Minimum = 2 Maximum = 1000
Cycle steps
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8.2 CYCLE TIME Instead for cycling your steps based on a count, you can cycle based on time. You may set a cycle time duration for up to 30 minutes. You enter time using minutes or seconds. If you want a 30 minute cycle time, you would enter the number 1800 (30 min x 60 sec = 1800 sec) or enter 30 then a decimal point. • Select the Cycle symbol. • Select the Cycle Time symbol. • Select the first step where the cycle will begin. • Specify the Time Duration (in seconds) the cycle shall be performed.
Specify the Step Number where the cycle will begin.
The "link" shows what steps are connected by the cycling step.
Specify the Cycle Time Duration using SECONDS. 1800 seconds = 30 minutes.
Specify the Cycle Time Duration using MINUTES. Enter the time and then select the decimal point to designate a Minutes unit of time.
Cycle steps
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8.3 LOOPS When you use either Cycle Count or Cycle Time, you get a single result for the cycle. However, with a Loop step, you get a result for each step. If a step is repeated three (3) times, you will get three independent results recorded as individual Runs. A Loop step is added after the Data step.
Specify the start Step Number and the Number of Loops that complete the test.
The "link" shows what steps are connected by the cycling step.
Each Loop specified will result in an independent Run (result).
Cycle steps
During the test, the Message Block provides you with the status of your test. Indicated is the loop sequence or cycle count.
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9.0 HOLD STEPS You can perform constant load or constant distance tests using the Hold step. Creep and relaxation are typical applications that use a hold function. 9.1
LOAD HOLD When you want to hold a load, first create your step with a load variable; either a tension or compression load. Next, select the Load Hold step. Then specify the duration for your hold period. The maximum allowable hold duration is 15 minutes (900 seconds). • Select the test mode- either Tension or Compression. • Enter the Load Limit (target).
• Enter the Test Speed. • Select the Hold symbol.
• Select the Load Hold symbol. • Enter the Hold Duration value.
The maximum allowed hold period is 15 minutes (900 sec).
Two types of Hold Moves are available: Load Hold or Distance Hold. Both Holds can be used to collect Data or Not Collect Data during the Hold period.
In our example, we setup a Tensile Load Limit. The Load Hold Move is used to hold the load for 15 minutes.
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9.2 DISTANCE HOLD You may hold the crosshead at a Distance target to determine the effects the hold time has on the sample's load characteristic. The Distance Hold is performed together with an associated tension or compress to distance step. The maximum allowable hold duration is 15 minutes (900 seconds). • Select the test mode- either Tension or Compression. • Enter the Distance Limit (target).
• Enter the Test Speed. • Select the Hold symbol.
• Select the Distance Hold symbol. • Enter the Hold Duration value.
In our example, we are NOT GATHERING DATA during the Hold period.
In our example, we setup a Compressive Distance Limit. The Compressive Hold Move is used to hold the load for 15 minutes.
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10.0 DATUMS You may datum as part or your test. The primary datum is referred to as Datum #0. A second datum (available only during a test) is referred to as Datum #1. The Datum step sets a datum according to the position and load at the moment the Datum step is executed during a test. The distance and/or load may be preset to display a zero or non-zero value at the time. You may use a second datum for load or position during a test for more complex applications. For example, Datum #1 may be used to determine the distance that corresponds to a creep rate. • Pull to a load. • Datum (set the datum to Datum #1) and zero the distance. • Hold for 10 minutes. The distance reported at the end of the Hold step is creep over 10 minutes.
11.0 ASK STEPS An Ask step can be used to create a question for the operator to answer during a test, or to display a prompt for the user.
The TELL step is used to communicate information to the operator. No response is required.
The Preset Load lets you specify the load value that must be met inorder to establish the datum.
The ASK step requires a response to the prompt. Responses must be less than 8 character answers.
The Preset Distance lets you specify the distance value that must be met inorder to establish the datum.
Specify the Datum type as either "0" or "1".
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11.1 ASK PROMPT The Ask step is used to add a question that requires the operator to respond. Questions should always be short and require a single or few word response. The maximum number of characters, including spaces, for your question is 40. The response is limited to a maximum number of characters, including spaces, to 16. Use the Ask coefficient to display the answer to your question.
11.2 TELL PROMPT A prompt, or Tell statement, is a message displayed for the user. Prompts can be used as reminders to the operator or use to give the user instructions during the test procedure. A prompt does not require an operator response. When a prompt is used, you have the option to specify how long (duration) the prompt is to be displayed during your test procedure. A prompt may have up to 27 characters (including spaces). The prompt duration (length of time displayed) may be up to 8 hrs. A step does not complete until the prompt has been displayed for its full duration or the user selects the checkmark.
You may specify the length of time your TELL prompt is displayed.
All ASK steps have a reference label. This allows the step to be reported.
Your TELL prompt may be up to 27 characters in length.
Enter the text you'd like displayed during the prompt.
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12.0 DATA (COEFFICIENTS) Coefficients or results are selected from a list of values in the Data menu. These data elements are the results you want reported for your test setup.
TABLE 13 - COEFFICIENT/DATA TABLE LABEL NAME
DESCRIPTION
L
Load
The measured load value from the load cell sensor.
Lbreak Break Load
The measured load where a break condition occurred based on a % drop in load from a measured maximum (peak) load value.
Lave Average Load
The average load measurement.
Lpeak Maximum (Peak) Load
The maximum (greatest) load achieved during a test run.
Lmin Minumum Load
The minimum (smallest) load achieved during a test run.
Ldelta Change (Delta) in Load
The measured change between two load values.
The measured distance value from the encoder representing the distance your crosshead has traveled. Distance is not an absolute distance. Distance is a relative distance from zero. The amount of crosshead travel where a sample break has occurred. It is the distance where the break event occurred based on a % drop in load from a measured peak, or from a specified drop in load.
D
Distance
Dbreak Distance at Break
Dmax Maximum (Peak) Distance The maximum distance (peak) obtained. Often used with a load target test. Dmin Minimum Distance The minimum distance obtained during a test. Dmaxl Distance at Peak (Max) Load The associated distance value that corresponds with the maximum (peak) load measurement obtained during a test. Dminl Distance at Minimum Load The associated distance value that corresponds with the minimum load measurement obtained during a test. Ddelta Change (Delta) in Distance The change in distance measurement often used in creep or relaxation test setups. Dur Duration
Reports the duration of the test sequence. May be the duration for the entire test or the duration between a step range: begin at step X and end at step Y.
S
Speed
Reports the speed of the associated step. The speed is the velocity of the crosshead at the associated step.
Date Date
Reports the date the test run was performed. The format depends on the Date Settings. May be MM/DD/YY or DD/MM/YY.
Time Time
Reports the time when the test run was started. Time is reported as HH:MM:SS.
Ncyc Number of Cycles
Reports the number of cycles completed.
Ans Answer
Reports the answer for a specified ASK step in your test.
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12.1 ADD DATA All test setups are based on a series of steps that are performed in a sequence. Your test setup can have as many steps as you desire within a test setup. Coefficients are results that are reported for a step or for a range of steps including the completed test. You must specify the coefficient to be reported however. Use the + Add Data touch target to access the list of coefficients. Press the coefficient you want reported as a result.
12.2 DELETE DATA Use the red delete (X) symbol to permanently remove the coefficient that is highlited in the Data menu.
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12.3 DATA APPEARANCE Once you select a coefficient, the coefficient name and label are displayed in the Appearance menu. You may rename the label and you may size the lable. If you rename the label, you may use up to 8 characters using your virtual keyboard (select the abc touch target) or a keyboard connected to your L2 controller. You may also size your label. You have three sizes available: large, medium and small. The size of the label also defines how the label will appear on your display view. A large format will display your coefficient in a large text format and on a single, independent line. The medium format will display using medium-size text and will display your coefficient in a 2-column format. If the small format is selected, the coefficient is displayed in the smallest text and formatted in a 3-column format. To change or configure your coefficient's appearance, select the coefficient from the result list on your Data menu. Once the coefficient is highlited, rename or specify the text size by pressing the A, A or A touch target.
Your coefficients are displayed on the Data menu in the format you select. In our example, all coefficients are shown in the large format and displayed on single lines.
The Formatting options let you Rename your coefficient and format the size of the coefficient on the Data View. The "large" format displays a coefficient on a single line, in a single column, and in the largest text size.
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13.0 SCOPE Scoping is a post test data analysis feature where you can report results from within all of the raw data acquired for a step. For example, suppose you create a test setup using a tension to distance step. Your distance limit is 10 inches. Normally, you would report the load at 10 inches using the Load (L) coefficient. During this test, the system acquired all of the time-based raw data for load and distance from the Start Test event to the End Test event (10 inch limit). Suppose you wanted to know the load at 250mS after the start of your test or 5 seconds from the end of the test? Suppose you wanted to know the load values at 2 inch, 4 inch, 6 inch or 8 inch? Suppose you wanted to know the distance at 5 lbf? Scoping can be used to answer each of these questions. All steps have a beginning, an end and a duration. When a step is collecting data, the data is collected at the start of the step until the step's conclusion. The data collected during a step forms an array of data: loads, distances, and time. Most coefficients may use a scope. A list of the available coefficients, and whether or not they have a scope, is shown below. There are two types of scopes: a single scope and a scope range. A single scope references only one Step # while a scope range references a "Begin Step # and an End Step #".
13.1 SCOPE PROPERTIES Your scope is always associated with a step and with the coefficient related to the step. You are not restricted to the number of coefficients that can be assigned to a single step. In other words, you can have multiple results (coefficients) for a single step. Your scope has five basic properties: • Step Type • Step Reference • Scope Connector Type • Scope Value • Scope Units SCOPE TYPE A scope may be either a single scope or a scope with a Begin and End. The scope type for each coefficient is listed in the Table 13.
The coefficient selected for scoping is Lpeak. Lpeak has a Begin and End Step. Our example shows a Begin @ Step 4, which is where the peak load will be calculated from.
TABLE 13 - COEFFICIENT AND SCOPE SETTINGS COEFFICIENT SYMBOL DEFINITION
SCOPE
L
Load
@ Step # @ Step #
Lbreak
Break Load Load Average
Lave
Begin @ Step #; End @ Step # Begin @ Step #; End @ Step # Begin @ Step #; End @ Step # Begin @ Step #; End @ Step #
Lpeak
Peak Load
Lmin
Minimum Load
Ldelta
Delta Load
D
Distance
@ Step #
Dbreak Dmax Dmin Dmaxl Dminl Ddelta
Distance @ Break Load @ Step #
Maximum Distance Minimum Distance Distance @ Peak Load
Begin @ Step #; End @ Step # Begin @ Step #; End @ Step # Begin @ Step #; End @ Step #
Distance @ Minimum Load Begin @ Step #; End @ Step #
Delta Distance
Begin @ Step #; End @ Step # Begin @ Step #; End @ Step #
Dur
Duration
S
Speed
@ Step #
Date Time Ncyc
Date Time
None None
Number of Cycles
@ Step #
Ans
Answer
None
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STEP REFERENCE A coefficient is always associated with a Step Reference. Therefore, a scope is always associated with a Step Reference. A single scope coefficient references a single step, e.g. @ Step 2. Some coefficients, such as have a Begin @ Step reference and an End @ Step reference. These coefficients allow you to obtain results from the data array created using either a single step or through a range of steps. SCOPE CONNECTORS There are three types of scope connectors: @, +, and -. The @ connector is an absolute scope that defines a specific point within the data array for a step. The "+" connector determines the point based from the Begin Step (looks at the array from the beginning of the step). The "-" connector determines the point based from the End Step (looks at the array from the end of the step).
SCOPE VALUE Your scope needs a value. This value is used to find the data point within the array of data created by the start and completion of a step or range of steps. When an absolute (@) connector is used, the system looks for the data point in the array "at" the scope value you specified. When the (+) connector is used, the system looks for the data point in the array starting from the beginning of the step. For example, if + 1.0 in (inch) is the scope definition for a single step coefficient, the point is defined as the points in the array associated with the 1 inch crosshead direction. The (-) connector looks for the data point in the array starting from the ending of the step. SCOPE UNITS Scope units may be a force, distance, time or cycle.
Select the target for the units to be scoped. Load, Distance, Time and Cycles are some of the units that may be used for scoping.
You can specify the scope value which is the numeric criterion for your scope operation.
Select the Scope Connector that defines how the scope is calculated.
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13.2 USING A SINGLE SCOPE To illustrate how scope can be used, we'll use the following example to demonstrate how to setup a single scope. EXAMPLE Create a load to distance tensile test. • Create a New Test using the Test Builder. • Select the Tension Distance symbol. • Set the Tension Distance Target at 6 inches. • Set the Speed at 30 inches per minute. Normally, with a distance limit test like our example, you would select the Load (L) coefficient inorder to report the load result at the target distance limit of 6 inches. Therefore, • Select the Data menu. • Select the + Data touch target. • Select the Load (L) coefficient. Selecting the Load (L) coefficient will display the load value at the distance limit. The new coefficient is displayed as L2.
• Resize the L2 coefficient to the middle size text. • Rename the L2 coefficient to L@1inch • Go to the Scope menu. • Select the Step "2" text block. • Select the "+" key in the virtual numerical keypad.
Selecting the "+" key will invoke the scope function. Selecting the "+" key instructs the system to find and report the point starting from the beginning of the step. Selecting the "+" key displays the scope value box with units. • Select the scope value and touch until the displayed units is [in]. • Enter the numeric 1.0 in the scope entry box. With this entry, you have assigned the L2 coefficient, now called L@1inch, to report the load value at the 1 inch tension distance from the start of step 2.
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• Select the + Data touch target. • Select the Load (L) coefficient. The new coefficient is displayed as L3. • Resize the L3 coefficient to the middle size text. • Rename the L3 coefficient to L@5inch • Go to the Scope menu. • Select the Step "2" text block. • Select the "-" key in the virtual numerical keypad.
• Select the + Data touch target. • Select the Distance (D) coefficient. Selecting the Distance (D) coefficient will display the distance value. The new coefficient is displayed as D. • Resize the D coefficient to the middle size text. • Rename the D coefficient to D@10sec • Go to the Scope menu. • Select the Step "2" text block. • Select the "@" key in the virtual numerical keypad. Select the "@" key to invoke the absolute scope function. • Select the scope value and touch until the displayed units is [ S.s ]. • Enter the numeric 10.0 in the scope entry box.
Select the "-" key to invoke the scope function. Selecting the "-" key instructs the system to find and report the point starting from the end of the step. Selecting the "-" key displays the scope value box with units. • Select the scope value and touch until the displayed units is [ in ]. • Enter the numeric 1.0 in the scope entry box. With this entry, you have assigned the L3 coefficient, now called L@5inch, to report the load value at the 1 inch tension distance from the end of step 2. Since the end of the step 2 is 6 inches, the 1 inch tension distance fromt he end of step 2 is the load at the 5 inch distance.
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13.3 USING A BEGIN AND END SCOPE Some coefficients have a scope with a defined Begin and End. Load average (Lave) is an example of a coefficient with both a Begin and End step. The following example will demonstrate how scoping can be used with this type of coefficient. EXAMPLE Create a load to distance tensile test. • Create a New Test using the Test Builder. • Select the Tension Distance symbol. • Set the Tension Distance Target at 6 inches. • Set the Speed at 30 inches per minute. It's common with some peel tests to average the load within a specified distance range instead of between the actual start and actual end of the test procedure. This is due to "noise" that may be inherent in a peel test on startup perhaps due to frictional characteristics of the sample at startup. In this test setup, we want to determine the average load for a specific
With this entry, you have assigned the D coefficent, now called D@10sec, to report the distance value after 10 seconds from when the step began.
• Select the checkmark to save your settings. • Rename your test setup to "Scope Test". • Set Home.
• Zero L and D. • Start the Test. At the completion of your test, you setup will deliver the results for:
• L@6inch • L@1inch • L@5inch • D@10sec You have successfully applied scope to a single step 2.
distance range. Therefore, • Select the Data menu. • Select the + Data touch target. • Select the Load Average (Lave) coefficient.
Selecting the Load Average (Lave) coefficient will display the load average value beginning from the start of the test to the end of the test. The load data will be averaged beginning from 0 load to the load value at 6 inches (end of test). • Select the + Data touch target.
• Select the Load Average (Lave) coefficient. The new coefficient is displayed as Lave2.
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Selecting another Load Average (Lave) coefficient will let me also calculate the load average between the distances 4 inches and 5 inches. • Rename the Lave2 coefficient to L@4-5in • Go to the Scope menu. • Select the Begin @ Step "2" text block. • Select the "+" key in the virtual numerical keypad. Select the "+" key to invoke the scope function. Selecting the "+" key instructs the system to find and report the point starting from the beginning of the step. Selecting the "+" key displays the scope value box with units. • Select the scope value and touch until the displayed units is [ in ]. • Enter the numeric 4.0 in the scope entry box. With this entry, you have assigned the Lave2 coefficient, now called L@4-6in, to report the load value at the 4 inch tension distance from the beginning of step 2. • Select the End @ Step "2" text block. • Select the "-" key in the virtual numerical keypad.
Select the "-" key to invoke the scope function. Selecting the "-" key instructs the system to find and report the point starting from the end of the step. Selecting the "-" key displays the scope value box with units. • Select the scope value and touch until the displayed units is [ in ]. • Enter the numeric 1.0 in the scope entry box. With this entry, you have assigned the Lave2 coefficient, now called L@4-6in, to report the load value at the 5 inch (6 inch - 1 inch = 5 inch) tension distance from the end of step 2.
• Select the checkmark to save your settings. • Rename your test setup to "Load Average". • Set Home.
• Zero L and D. • Start the Test.
At the completion of your test, you setup will deliver the results for: Lave (the average load calculated from the start to end of your test) L@4-5in (the average between 4" and 5" in your 6" tensile move) You have successfully applied scope to step 2 with a Begin and End Scope.
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14.0 USING A TOLERANCE Coefficients may have a tolerance applied to them. A tolerance represents a "pass" or "fail" result. When you set a tolerance, you specify two independent limits: Limit 1 and Limit 2. Together, these limits create a range. If the result for this coefficient falls within the range created by the limits, the result is considered "passed". If, however, the result falls outside the limit range, the result is considered a "fail". A failed result displays in the color red to distinguish it from a passed result which will display in the color black. If the result equals one of the limit values, the result is also considered passed. Because you may have a tolerance on a coefficient, including multiple coefficients within your test setup, a run can be classified a fail if any of the coefficients where a tolerance is applied has a result that is outside the tolerance range for that step. If any result for the coefficient is outside the limit range, the entire run is considered a failed run.
EXAMPLE • Select Peak Load (Lpeak) as the coefficient.
• Specify Tolerance Limit 1 = 15.00 LBF • Specify Tolerance Limit 2 = 16.00 LBF If the measured results equals 15 LBF or 16 LBF or falls within this load range, the Lpeak coefficient will display as a "pass". If the measured result falls outside of this limit range, the coefficient will display in red text and represent a "failed" result. In our example, since the measured result was 17.13 LBF, which falls outside the Limit 2 target of 16.00 LBF, the result has "failed"
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15.0 POST TEST OPTIONS The Post Test options provide you with functions that are normally performed once a test run has completed. You may setup some, all or none of these options for your test setup. Like all options, Post Test options may also be added later using the Edit test function. 15.1 RETURN HOME OPTION Use the Return Home option to automatically return the crosshead to the Home position once a test run is completed. When the option is YES, the crosshead will automatically return to the Home position when the test is completed. When the option is NO, the user will return to the Home position by selecting the RETURN HOME touch target on the Data view. • Press the touch target for Return Home to Yes.
15.2 EXPORT RAW OPTION When the Export Raw option = YES, the raw data points for the completed test will be saved as a .csv file and saved to a directory that you designate in the Main Settings option. • Go to the Main Settings menu. • Select File Locations. • Select the Directory where you want your data saved to. Once you have designated a file location, the user has two options on how to transmit the file to the location: Overwrite means that the raw data overwrites the previous raw data. A file is transmitted to your directory: [Test Name]_Raw Data. The Raw Data file displays the Step Number, Time, Load, Units of Load, Distance, Units of Distance, Velocity, Velocity Units and Status for all data points. The number of data points (or rows on your table) correspond to the sampling rate and the duration of your test.
If the RETURN HOME option is ON, the SET HOME position is automatic once the START TEST target is pressed. At the completion of the Run, the crosshead will automatically return to the established HOME position.
Use the Main Settings function and select FILE LOCATIONS to designate a directory where you want your Raw Data Export to be saved to. Once the test Run is completed, a .csv file is created and saved to your designated directory.
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