Case 4:25-cv-14092-SDK-KGA ECF No. 29-1, PageID.492 Filed 01/26/26 Page 3 of 32
TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .................................................................................... ii CONCISE STATEMENT OF THE ISSUES .......................................................... vi CONTROLLING OR MOST APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY............................. vii STATEMENT OF INTEREST..................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................1 ARGUMENT .............................................................................................................4 I. Congress Did Not Repeal IGRA or the Tribal-State Gaming Compacts Between the State of Michigan and Michigan Tribes. ...............................4 A. IGRA’s Structure ....................................................................................4 B. Michigan’s Cooperative Sports-Betting Regulatory Structure...............5 C. Congress Did Not Repeal IGRA or Prohibit Tribes from Conducting Sports Wagering When It Amended the CEA in 2010...........................9 D. Coinbase’s Theory Does Not Meet the Standard for Implied Repeals. ..13 1. Coinbase’s sports-betting contracts are not “swaps.”........................14 2. Congress did not manifest clear intent to repeal IGRA or to make the CFTC the nation’s sole gaming regulator. ..........................................15 3. The Indian Canons of Construction require this Court to resolve any a mbiguity in favor of tribes. ................................................................17 II. The Major Questions Doctrine Forecloses Coinbase’s Theory. ..............18 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................22
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