Case 1:25-cv-08846-AT Document 60-1 Filed 12/03/25 Page 2 of 31
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AND INTERESTS OF AMICI CURIAE ......................................................... 7 ARGUMENT ................................................................................................................................ 10 I. IGRA Governs Kalshi’s Sports Betting Conduct on Indian Lands .................................. 11 A. The CEA does not exclusively govern gaming-related sports-event contracts .......... 11 1. The CEA does not give CFTC exclusive jurisdiction over gaming-related sports- event contracts ........................................................................................................ 13 2. The CFTC expressly prohibits Kalshi’s sports-event contracts.............................. 14 3. The self-certification provisions of the CEA and CFTC regulations are invalid as applied to Kalshi ..................................................................................................... 16 B. The CEA does not impliedly repeal IGRA or any other applicable federal law ........ 18 1. IGRA protects tribes’ authority to regulate online gaming on Indian lands........... 18 2. Kalshi cannot overcome the presumption against implied repeal .......................... 19 3. Congress did not nullify PASPA and preempt the state sports betting prohibitions on which it relied to effectuate federal policy when it amended the CEA in 2010 23
C. Kalshi’s sports-event contracts constitute “Class III Gaming” under IGRA ............. 24
II. Ignoring the Applicability of IGRA Raises Serious Policy Concerns and Violates Federal Indian Policy ..................................................................................................................... 27 CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................. 29
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