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I*0M(_!/>_!A22M6)*0*_!@>_!HJ%MJ*0*_!">_!@2_!H0$*)*0*_!'>_!V$%(2<2_!'>_!G!A$*&:)%6_!N>![!+,-+^>!"#0! H0<6$*M$!/647#)(#0%214!Q(B&4?!0::07($Y0*066_!6B::$7$0*74_!2*&!6B$(23$<$(4!):!6#)%(E!2*&!<)*DE(0%9!1647#)(#0%214>! ;*!5>!=>!A0Y4_!Q>!=3<)*!G!H>!IJ7#0<0!['&6>^_! '(A?-"*A+@$)?&'(A?-",-%#@:A&3%(%@#?-C&2<)*%+?%V`@(%*&'#@?,)?%& @+*&'#@?,)?%V`@(%*&2<)*%+?%& [11!d-E\]^>!a0Z!e)%M?!HB92*2!/%066>! I*0M(_!/>_!A$*&:)%6_!N>_!HJ%MJ*0*_!">_!VJ<$M)6M$_!@>_!V$%(2<2_!'>_!A22M6)*0*_!@>!=>_!>!>!>!H0<6$*M$!/647#)(#0%214! Q(B&4!S%)B1>![+,,b^>!52*&)9$C0&!(%$2! '(A?-"B"L)?@B& Z%*)?)+%O&ke [.^_!gb\Ed,P>!! I*0M(_!/>_!A$*&:)%6_!N>_!50*_!Q2%06EiJ6M0_!A>_!A22M6)*0*_!@>_!G!V$%(2<2_!'>![+,--2^>!R60!):!2Bc$<$2%4! 1647#$2(%$7!(%02(90*(!&B%$*D!2!.E402%!:)<<)ZEB1!29)*D!12($0*(6!%070$Y$*D!6#)%(E!)%!<)*DE(0%9!1647#)(#0%214>! N">#+@B&"!&/!!%?,)<%&;)("#*%#(O&IkJ _!++-E+P,>!! I*0M(!/_!A$*&:)%6_!N>_!A22M6)*0*_!@>_!50*_!H22%29)_!/>_!HJ%MJ*0*_!">_!>!>!>!H0<6$*M$!/647#)(#0%214!Q(B&4! S%)B1>![+,--3^>!fB26$E0c10%$90*(2! N">#+@B& "!&/!!%?,)<%&;)("#*%#O&IkG ?!PdE]d>!! A$*&:)%6_!N>_!I*0M(_!/>_!V$%(2<2_!'>_!A22M6)*0*_!@>_!G!(#0!H0<6$*M$!/647#)(#0%214!Q(B&4!S%)B1>![+,-+^>!"#0! 0::07($Y0*066!):!6)! N">#+@B&"!&0%#<">(&@+*&Z%+,@B&;)(%@(%O&GHH _!\]\E\.P>!! W(*&,!>-001(3! The aims of this ongoing study are to evaluate the effectiveness of two long-term and two short-term psychotherapies and the prediction of patient and therapist factors on the alliance and the outcome of short- vs long-term therapy (Knekt et al. 2012). Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used to meet these aims. Methodological research in the areas of development and implementation of statistical methods for evaluation of the effectiveness and efficacy and of measurement instruments is included. Two separate designs are used for the effectiveness study. In a randomized design, patients were assigned to one of three treatment groups: solution-focused therapy, short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, and long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. In a quasi-experimental design, patients who were randomly assigned to the psychotherapies are compared to patients who were self-selected for psychoanalysis. The prediction study is based on a cohort design. The participants are 367 outpatients from psychiatric services in the Helsinki region having long-standing depressive or anxiety disorder causing work dysfunction. Patients with psychotic disorder, severe personality disorder, adjustment disorder, bipolar disorder or substance abuse were excluded. The outcome assessment covers different measures of psychiatric symptoms and recovery (Knekt et al. 2008), need for treatment (Knekt et al. 2011a), work ability (Knekt et al. 2011b), personality functioning (Lindfors et al. 2012), social functioning, lifestyle, and cost-effectiveness. These outcome measures are administered longitudinally: prior to start of treatment and at 14 pre-chosen time points during a 10- follow-up from start of treatment. Solution-focused therapy included 12 and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy 20 therapy sessions, both therapies lasting about half a year. The long- term therapies were open-ended, psychodynamic psychotherapy lasting about 3years with about 240 sessions and psychoanalysis lasting about 5 years and about 650 sessions. Only solution-focused therapy was manualized whereas the psychodynamic therapies were conducted in accordance with clinical practice, where the therapists might modify their interventions according to the patient’s needs within the respective framework. All the therapists had received standard training and were experienced: the mean number of years of work experience was 9 in the short-term and over 15 years in the long-term therapies.

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