chronic depression, its complex individual and cultural determinants as well as the details of treatment, to the psychoanalytic and non-psychoanalytic community. The method of expert-validation was developed in the DPV Follow-Up Study. It is applied, in modified form, in the LAC Depression Study and in the Three Level Model of Clinical Observation, as has been developed by the Project Group for Clinical Observation since 2009 (see contribution of Leuzinger-Bohleber, 2014; Altmann de Litvan, 2014, summaries in the ODR). /647#)2*2<4($7!8)*701(B2
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In the next step, the results of the clinical-psychoanalytic and conceptual research thus may become the subject of extra-clinical studies (see figure 1). We distinguish between empirical, experimental and interdisciplinary studies. As an example of extra-clinical empirical studies, I would like to shortly discuss psychoanalytic psychotherapy research because it is indispensable in the knowledge-society for political and public reasons, to prove the effectiveness of psychoanalytic treatments by the criteria of evidence-based medicine in the Mental Health Systems of many Western countries. This is one reason why outcome research is the main focus of the Open Door Review.
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