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L$67#92**_!">q!5B66_!@>q!F20#%_!">q!Q($%*_!=>q!A0BC$*D0%EF)#<030%_!@>![+,-+^>!8#2*D06!$*!&%0296!):!7#%)*$7! &01%0660&!12($0*(6?!(#0!L%2*M:B%(!:@5;u''S!6(B&4![L5'O^>!;*?!L)*2D4_!/>_!IJ7#0<0_!H>_!A0BC$*D0%EF)#<030%_!@>_!G! "24<)%_!O>!['&6>^?! 1-%&6)L+)!)?@+?%&"!&;#%@$(^&`#)*L)+L&8B)+)?@B&@+*&2P,#@?B)+)?@B&3%(%@#?-&)+&'(A?-"@+@BA()( ![11>! -.dE-b-^>!A)*&)*?!I2%*27!F))M6>!! L$67#92**_!">_!A0BC$*D0%EF)#<030%_!@>_!IJ7#0<0_!H>![+,-+^>!"%2B9:)%67#B*D!$*!&0%!/647#)2*2<460?!I<$*$67#0! Q(B&$0*_!"%2B960%$0*_!0c(%2M<$*$67#0!L)%67#B*D!$9!A23)%!~O%029!%0602%7#!$*!1647#)2*2<46$6?!7<$*$72! '(A?-%&o&i%),(?-#)!,&!j#&'(A?-"@+@BA(%O&gg _!bPPEbg->! L$67#92**_">_!5B66_!@>_!A0BC$*D0%EF)#<030%_!@>![+,-P^>!"%2B92_!&%029_!2*&!1647#$7!7#2*D0!$*!1647#)2*2<4606?! 2!&$2<)DB0!30(Z00*!1647#)2*2<46$6!2*&!(#0!*0B%)67$0*706>!;*?! !#"+,)%#(&)+&9>$@+&0%>#"(?)%+?% _!V)-001(3! To many psychoanalysts dreams are a central source of knowledge of the unconscious—the specific research object of psychoanalysis. The dialogue with the neurosciences, devoted to the testing of hypotheses on human behavior and neurophysiology with objective methods, has added to psychoanalytic conceptualizations on emotion, memory, sleep and dreams, conflict and trauma. To psychoanalysts as well as neuroscientists, the neurological basis of psychic functioning, particularly concerning trauma, is of special interest. In this article, an attempt isto bridge the gap between psychoanalytic findings and neuroscientific findings on trauma and depression. We then attempt to merge both approaches in one experimental study devoted to the investigation of the neurophysiological changes (fMRI) associated with psychoanalytic treatment in chronically depressed patients in the so called FRED Study ( F rankfurt- fM R I E EG- Study of D epression). We also applied a method to quantify psychoanalysis-induced transformation in the manifest content of dreams developed by Moser and von Zeppelin in Zürich in the 1990 and further developed by our research group in Frankfurt (together with Susanne Doell and others). In this study focused on some single case studies we used three independent methods. First, dreams reported during the psychoanalysis of chronic depressed analysands were assessed by the treating psychoanalyst. Second, dreams reported in an experimental context in the sleep laboratory of the Sigmund-Freud-Institute were analyzed by an independent evaluator using a standardized method to quantify changes in dream content (Moser method). Thirdly, we also investigated the analysands by fMRI. The fMRI results regarding changes in brain activation patterns when confronted with conflictladen dream material (dream-words) elucidate the brain areas involved. These preliminary results point to the Precuneus and Left Parietal Lobe when conflict is still acute. The changes found clinically have thus found their neurobiological resonance and validate them furthermore. This is further supported by the finding that the MFC – usually involved when conflictladen information and control of affective signals is being processed – is no longer contrastingly active after one year of treatment. In combination these results give impressive evidence in a psychoanalytical treatment on an empirical, clinical and neurobiological base.
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