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In Phase 1, Each mother-child pair was evaluated and videotaped over the course of a screening session plus 2 evaluation sessions and the CAVES session. =&12-(&2!*#/5-'&'! Screening visit : Geneva Socio-Demographic and Treatment History Questionnaire, Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire, Brief Physical and Sexual Abuse Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90 Maternal interview : Working Model of the Child Interview with Reflective Functioning Probes (WMCI-RF), Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Structured Interview for the DSM-IV (SCID) Mood Disorders Module, PTSD Symptom Checklist-Short Version, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Hopkins Dissociative Symptom Checklist Mother-child visit : Modified Crowell Parent-Child Interaction Procedure with serial salivary cortisol and DNA sampling and coding via the CARE-Index (done) and AMBIANCE (planned), Infant- Toddler Social-Emotional Assessment (ITSEA), Disturbances of Attachment Interview, Parenting Stress Index—Short Form, Ages and Stages Questionnaire CAVES : CAVES Semi-structured Interview, Maternal Attributions Rating Scale (MARS), WMCI- RF selected items, the Personality Disorders Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-.4) The majority of mothers were eligible for and participated also in an fMRI scanning session that included a Hamilton Anxiety Scale and a Post-MRI Interview about their reaction to fMRI silent film stimuli. All mothers were recontacted one year after their participation in the study to complete the Reflective- functioning Questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist Methods/design : In Phase 2, Each child will be evaluated and videotaped over the course of 2 evaluation sessions. Measures will included : The MacArthur Story-Stem Battery with Mentalization Subscale, the Test for Emotional Comprehension, the Traumatic Events Screening Inventory—Child Version (TESI-C), the Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders Schedule—Child Version (K-SADS), the Child Dissociative Checklist, the Trier Social Stress Test for Children with salivary cortisol and DNA sampling, EEG with affect matching task, the Victim-Bullying Questionnaire ;&2-5.2!$,!F@G>S7($!7412&!C! Most recently, the Geneva Early Childhood Stress Project (Schechter et al., 2014; Moser et al., 2014 ; Schechter & Rusconi-Serpa, 2014) has found the following: 1. maternal IPV-PTSD severity is correlated with maternal alexithymia and that both are positively correlated with parenting stress and negatively correlated with maternal sensitivity (Schechter et al., 2014). 2. both maternal IPV-severity and parenting stress are negatively correlated with the mean percentage of methylation of the NR3C1 gene for the glucocorticoid receptor (Schechter et al., submitted). 3. low cortisol baselines in mothers and low cortisol reactivity to laboratory stressors (i.e. separation and exposure to novelty) in the children (ages 12-42 months) (Preliminary analyses reported: Schechter DS. Understanding how traumatized mothers process their toddlers' affective communication under stress: Towards preventive intervention for families at high risk for intergenerational violence. Symposium on Attachment and Psychopathology in Families at Risk (Ute Ziegenhain, Chair; Klaus Schmeck, discussant). European Congress of Developmental Psychology, Lausanne, 6-9-2013. Final analyses are pending.
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