follow-up studies are necessary. In another RCT, PDT was significantly superior to both a nutritional counseling group and CT (Bachar, Latzer, Kreitler, & Berry, 1999). This was true of patients with bulimia nervosa and a mixed sample of patients with bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa. =*)%0c$2!*0%Y)62! For the treatment of anorexia nervosa, however, evidence-based treatments are barely available (Fairburn, 2005). This applies to both PDT and CBT. In an RCT by Gowers, Norton, Halek, and Crisp (1994), PDT combined with four sessions of nutritional advice yielded significant improvements in patients with anorexia nervosa (Table 1). Weight and body mass index (BMI) changes were significantly more improved than in a control condition (TAU). Dare, Eisler, Russell, Treasure, and Dodge (2001) compared PDT with a mean duration of 24.9 sessions to cognitive-analytic therapy, family therapy, and routine treatment in the treatment of anorexia nervosa (Table 1). PDT yielded significant symptomatic improvements and PDT and family therapy were significantly superior to the routine treatment with regard to weight gain. However, the improvements were modest – several patients were undernourished at the followup. A recent RCT compared manual-guided psychodynamic therapy, enhanced CBT, and optimized TAU in the treatment of anorexia nervosa (Zipfel et al., 2013). After 10 months of treatment, significant improvements were found in all treatments, with differences in the primary outcome measure (BMI). At the 12- months follow-up, however, psychodynamic therapy was significantly superior to optimized TAU, whereas enhanced CBT was not (Zipfel et al., 2013). Recovery rates were 35% versus 19% versus 13% for psychodynamic therapy enhanced CBT and optimized TAU. Thus, the method of psychodynamic therapy specifically tailored to the treatment of anorexia nervosa yielded promising effects. F$*D0!02($*D!&$6)%&0%! In an RCT by Tasca et al. (2006), a psychodynamic group treatment was as efficacious as CBT and superior to a waiting-list condition in binge eating disorder (e.g., days binged, interpersonal problems). For the comparison of PDT with CBT, again the question of statistical power arises (N1 ¼ 48, N2 ¼ 47, N3 ¼ 40). QB36(2*70E%0<2(0&!&$6)%&0%6! Woody et al. (1983; Woody, Luborsky, McLellan, & O’Brien, 1990) studied the effects of PDT and CBT, both of which were given in addition to drug counseling, in the treatment of opiate dependence (Table 1). PDT plus drug counseling yielded significant improvements on measures of drug-related symptoms and general psychiatric symptoms. At seven-month follow-up, PDT and CBT, plus drug counseling, were equally effective, and both conditions were superior to drug counseling alone. In another RCT, PDT of 26 sessions given in addition to drug counseling was also superior to drug counseling alone in the treatment of opiate dependence (Woody, McLellan, Luborsky, & O’Brien, 1995). At six-month follow-up, most of the gains made by the patients who had received psychodynamic therapy remained. In an RCT conducted by Crits-Christoph et al. (1999, 2001), PDT of up to 36 individual sessions was combined with 24 sessions of group drug counseling in the treatment of cocaine dependence. The combined treatment yielded significant improvements and was as effective as CBT, which was combined with group drug counseling as well. However, CBT and PDT plus group drug counseling were not more effective than group drug counseling alone. Furthermore, individual drug counseling was significantly superior to both forms of therapy concerning measures of drug abuse. With regard to psychological and social outcome variables, all treatments were equally effective (Crits-Christoph et al., 1999, 2001).
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