MEDICATION KINETICS
Generic Name ANALGESICS Acetaminophen
T Cmax
Elimination t ½
Generic Name
T Cmax
Elimination t ½
OPIOIDS Codeine (methylmorphine) EM
PO: 1 hr (1–2) PR: 1 hr (1.8–4.8) PO: buffered tab: 20 min PO: effervescent solution: 15 min IR PO: (Diclofenac K): 1 hr (0.33–2) ER PO: (Diclofenac Na): 2 hrs (1–4) PR: 30 min
4 hrs (2–4)
PO: 1 hr (1–2) PR: 30 min IM: 30 min
4 hrs (3.5-5.3)
(paracetamol) EM aka Tylenol
Fentanyl
Epi: 30 min TM: 24 min (20–40) SC/IM: 30 min IV: 15 min (6–15) TD: 12-24 hrs PO IR: 1 hr (1.3) PO ER: 5 hrs PO IR: 1 hr (48–60 min) SC/IM: 30 min IV: 15 min (6–15) Epi: 8 min
4 hrs (3.3–4.1) DI TD: 48-72 hrs
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (salicylic acid derivative)
6 hrs (4.7–9,
aka Duragesic
dose–related)
Diclofenac
2 hrs
Hydrocodone in combination with acetaminophen aka Lortab, Vicodin, Zohydro ER
4 hrs (3.8–4.5) DI ER: 8-12 hrs
(acetic acid derivative) aka Cataflam, Voltaren
Hydromorphone aka Dilaudid ER aka Exalgo
4 hrs (3–4) DI ER: 8-12 hrs
Celecoxib (COX-2) aka Celebrex
PO: 3 hrs
11 hr
Ibuprofen (propionic acid derivative) EM aka Advil, Motrin Ketorolac (acetic acid derivative) aka Toradol Naproxen (propionic acid derivative) aka Aleve, Naprosyn Indomethacin (Indole acetic acid derivative) aka Indocin
PO: 1 hr (1.4–1.9 hrs )
4 hrs (2-4)
Methadone
PO: 2–4 hrs
Biphasic (variable) Initial phase 12–24 hrs ; Second up to 55+ hrs
(not 1 st order kinetics) aka Dolophine EM IR aka Roxanol ER aka MS Contin
PO: 1 hr SC/IM: 1 hr IV: 1–3 min
6 hrs (2.4-9)
Morphine
PO IR: 1 hr PO ER: 4 hrs (3-6) SC/IM: 30 min IV: 15 min (6–15)
4 hrs DI ER: 8-12 hrs
IR PO: 2 hrs (2–4)
12 hrs (12–15)
Oxycodone
PO IR: 1 hr PO ER: 5 hrs
4 hrs (3-5) DI ER: 8-12 hrs 5 min (3–10)
ER aka OxyContin
PO/PR: 2 hrs
4.5 hrs (2.6-11)
Remifentanil Sufentanil
1–3 min
SC: 30 min IV: 15 min (6–10)
2.5 hr
Tramadol
PO: 2 hr
Tramadol: 6.3 hr Metabolite: 7.4 hr
aka = also known as IR = Immediate Release ER = Extended Release EM = Essential Medicine as defined by WHO and IAHPC
aka Ultram
62 NB: These Reference Cards do not replace careful clinical judgment specific to each patient / family situation. PCIC: Palliative Care Interdisciplinary Curriculum is a collaborative effort of OhioHealth, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, and Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Columbus, Ohio, USA, and other contributors. Permission to reproduce any or all of these PCIC Reference Cards is granted for non-commercial educational purposes only, provided that the attribution statement and copyright are displayed. To reproduce for all other purposes, contact Frank D. Ferris at info@pallmed.us. Copyright © Frank D Ferris 2013-2024. All rights reserved. V14.1, 2024
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