Climate change-resilient policies and measures exists to enable the country to tackle climate change impacts in a concerted manner. However, stakeholders expressed a concern that only a few policies currently integrate relevant environmental considerations. This can be attributed to a lack of capacity, poor enforcement mechanisms, or both. The responsibility for integrating environment and climate change adaptation falls under the docket of the GoT Vice President’s Office. The Vice President’s Office is also the National Climate Change Focal Point for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
international development finance sources through grants, aid, and debts. Major funding organizations include the World Bank, African Development Bank, International Finance Corporation, International Monetary Fund, USAID, United Nations Development Programme, and other United Nations (UN) agencies.
M&E framework
Respondents indicated that in the previous years, most policies lacked proper M&E frameworks and tools. Ministry level Departments of Planning and Policy handled M&E functions. Although ministries conducted monitoring as part of daily operations, guidelines and frameworks were unclear. Also, the LGAs monitored and evaluated the implementation of development projects at the regional level but lacked resources to do so effectively. The communication system between LGAs and project implementors was also a challenge. The above situation has begun to change. Most ministries have established dedicated units to handle M&E functions. The unit reports are dedicated to the Permanent Secretary with their own allocated budget. For instance, the President’s Office responsible for local government administration (TAMISEMI) has a framework and system to monitor the agriculture sector known as the Agriculture Routine Data System (ARDS). This system collects information from the village, ward, district, and region levels and sends it to the ministry level. Other agriculture sector-leading ministries use ARDS (National Bureau of Standards/NBS; Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries).
Advance female empowerment, gender equality, and youth inclusion
More than half of Tanzania’s population is female; regardless, women and youth are among the most marginalized and underutilized Tanzanian citizens. Stakeholders agreed that government has created policies and strategies to advance female empowerment, gender equality, and youth inclusion. The Ministry of Community Development, Gender, and Children is working to ensure that gender perspectives are mainstreamed into all policies, programs, and strategies. However, the legal and regulatory framework and sector-specific policies of government ministries and independent departments have yet to be aligned. [75]
Reputation of partner institutions engaged in policy formulation and implementation
Institutional capacities to implement policies
According to the respondents, the government has generally engaged with institutions with adequate capacity, experience, and reputation in policy formulation and implementation. Regardless of the process of approving partners, the government has adopted a “holistic” approach to establishing partnerships with policy organizations, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), community-based organizations, civil society organizations (CSOs), and even donor institutions to ensure responsible actors are included.
Although most of the government institutions are supportive of implementing policies and have clear structures for implementation, respondents communicated areas that still need support:
There is an issue with the retention of experienced staff within MDAs; hence, regular capacity building is important for the activities under the policy cycle. Working systems and tools are not user friendly. Most MDAs still use analogue and manual systems to do their work, including the implementation of M&E policy activities. This causes significant inefficiencies and makes workers work below actual capacity.
Adequacy of budget in policy implementation sustainably
Budgets are generally developed to cater to planned policy formulation and implementation activities. However, most respondents mentioned that budget flows have been inconsistent and insufficient for planned activities. Currently, implementing policies rely on
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Youth Enterprise Policy Analysis Report
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