[62] Combinations of tools (not a single instrument) are typically used to address a policy goal. Complicated systems of economic policy will almost invariably be a mixture of instruments. Its then important to analyze and ensure the character of the tools used matches the character of the problem addressed. Efficient policy designs are those that affect only those targets whose behavior it is necessary to change and with only the minimum necessary levels of coercion and display. [63] These may include incentive schemes such as quotas, tax holidays, or preferential treatment. [64] These may include “targeted” strategies to maximize policy output like incubation schemes for youth, cluster development, block farming, and special economic zones. [65] These include criteria such as consistency (the ability of multiple policy tools to reinforce rather than undermine each other in the pursuit of policy goals), the degree of coherence (or the ability of multiple policy goals to coexist with each other and with instrument norms in a logical fashion), and degree of congruence (or the ability of goals and instruments to work together in a uni-directional or mutually supportive fashion). [66] Ordinarily, policy design and policy mixes focus on the need for the various parts of a mix or portfolio to be integrated and coordinated for maximum effectiveness. Policies are composed of several elements, and some correspondence across these elements is required if policy goals are to be integrated successfully with policy means. [67] If evidence is to play the crucial role asserted, it must be not only relevant but also reliable. [68] What is a startup | BDC.ca; What a Startup Is and What’s Involved in Getting One Off the Ground (investopedia.com); (19) Should 10-year-old companies call themselves startups | LinkedIn. [69] For example, Youth Development Policy, Economic Empowerment Policy, and Private Sector Development Policy. [70] This is the responsibility of the respective sector ministry. They usually form a task force or a technical team. [71] A series of workshops are set for editing, finalization, and preparation of a final copy to be presented to the government for approval. This is an opportunity for private sector stakeholders, NGOs, and CSOs to present their inputs to the process of policymaking either through participation as members of the technical committee or validation workshops or by making formal submissions to such task forces.
[72] In the process of adoption, the draft policy goes through multiple review and approval stages. [73] Interested parties, both inside and outside the government, monitor the impact of the policy and determine if it is achieving the intended goal. [74] Interested parties, both within and without the government, monitor the impact of the policy and determine if it is achieving the intended goal. [75] USAID, “Gender and Youth: Tanzania,” January 2023, https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2023- 04/Gender%20Fact%20Sheet%20- %20Jan%202023.._2.pdf. [76] USAID, “Gender and Youth: Tanzania”. [77] Restless Development Tanzania conducted the research in 2019. [78] These include venture capital and angel investments. [79] These challenges were also discussed in the report prepared by the Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF) on behalf of the Ministry of Investment, Industry, and Trade (MIIT) and TSA in 2022 on a comparative baseline study on the establishment of a startup policy in Tanzania. (Wangwe, Samuel, Louis Cyril Henry Fourie, Margareth Nzuki, Flora Ismail Tibazarwa, Dugushilu Mafunda Mlilwa, Ayoub Mtafya, John Kajiba, et al., “A Comparative Baseline Study on the Establishment of a Startup Policy in Tanzania (TSA Policy Brief 01/2022),” ESRF, MIIT, and TSA, https://www.esrf.or.tz/docs/TSA%20POLICY%20BRI EF.pdf). [80] The TSA initiated the “Tanzania Startup Ecosystem Status Report 2022,” followed by a collaboration with the Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology, the ICT Commission, Ndoto Hub, Kiota Hub, Impact Hub Dar es Salaam, Cube Zanzibar, Innovate Ventures, and SmartLab. [81] The review is ongoing under the Ministry of Investment (the e-commerce national strategy is at the zero draft stage). [82] Limited access to the market, appropriate logistics facilities, packaging materials. and limited market information have been the major challenges for youth. These challenges result in the unreliable and low price of crops and high post-harvest losses, especially for perishable crops like horticulture, in which most youth are involved. [83] For example, in the survey conducted by Restless Tanzania, which included 6,265 young people, 74 percent were found to have inadequate knowledge of the National Youth Development Fund. [84] Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, Financial Inclusion and Challenges in Tanzania, 2014.
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Youth Enterprise Policy Analysis Report
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