[85] Current collateral requirements are mainly immovable assets such as land, houses and vehicles, which are often expensive, and many MSMEs do not yet have and need initial start-up capital to establish. This puts them in a catch-22 situation where they don’t have the collateral needed to access financing but need the financing to purchase and establish such collateral. [86] Integrating Financial Capability into Government Cash Transfer Programs, A World Bank Toolkit (2018); http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/866461 531462775238/Integrating-financial-capability-into- government-cash-transfer-programs-toolkit. [87] Psychometric scoring is a new method to assess credit risk or improve existing credit risk measures with psychometric assessments. A psychometric assessment assesses the traits and characteristics of an individual and, as such, provides insights into their typical financial behaviours. Unlike big data, psychometric scoring solutions are based on underlying theoretical models whose measured constructs are explainable (mostly based on self- report questionnaires) and do not require a lot of data training. Moreover, since psychometric tools do not use third-party data sources, their systems do not require collecting personally identifiable information. [88] The growing middle class in the urban centres have new consumption patterns, which ultimately dictate the way the F&V industry should be structured. [89] Combating Youth Unemployment Through VET Addressing Youth Unemployment Through TVET: Policy Perspective In Tanzania, 2014. [90] Kuepie, M, Nordman, C. and Roubaud, F. (2009) ‘Education and earnings in urban. [91] -ibid-. [92] Currently, for academic courses related to agro- processing, about 75% of the academic institutions in the EAC are offering Agricultural Engineering and Food Science/processing-related courses (Kilimo Trust, 2013). [93] https://www.smartagrihubs.eu/project/hubs. [94] https://innovation.wfp.org, Accessed on May 19, 2023. [95] Also known as the Value Chain Actor Model (VCAM), the Agricultural Entrepreneurs (AE) act as a one-stop business solution for all agricultural services pertaining to input (nursery/seeds, fertilizers, agrochemicals), output (aggregation, market linkages), water (irrigation), farm mechanization, technologies, and extension services (knowledge, training, crop advisory).
[96] An Agri-Entrepreneur is a local youth trained through a few one-time trainings and on-the-job grooming and training for at least a year. When trained as an Agri-Entrepreneur, one rural youth has to handhold 150-250 farmers in a cluster of 4-5 villages and acts as a one-stop resource provider for the agricultural needs of small and marginal farmers. The AE has to be a native of one of those 4-5 villages in the cluster. [97] Agriculture extension in South Asia (AESA), Delivering Extension Services to the Last-Mile: Improving smallholders’ access to innovation and pluralistic, demand-driven extension services, 2020. [98] UNDP, 2022, SDG Investor Map, Tanzania Mainland. [99] Mashauri Adam Kusekwa, 2013. Biomass Conversion to Energy in Tanzania: A Critique. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/40651. [100] Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, of the United Kingdom, 2019. Tanzania Market Snapshot, Horticulture Value Chains and Potential for Solar Pump Technology. [101] World Integrated Trade Solution, 2018. Tanzania Food Products Imports. [102] -ibid-. [103] TSA, “An Outlook into Tanzanian Startup Ecosystem,” 2022. https://tsa.co.tz/docs/Infographics- Tanzania%20Startup%20Ecosystem%202022.pdf. [104] Wangwe et al., “TSA Policy Brief 01/2022”. [105] Wangwe et al., “TSA Policy Brief 01/2022”.
55
Youth Enterprise Policy Analysis Report
Made with FlippingBook - professional solution for displaying marketing and sales documents online