IN ANIMALS continued
Ancylostoma spp. egg
Buccal capsule of Ancylostoma caninum showing three pairs of teeth
• Dogs and cats become infested through ingestion of larvae in contaminated environments, through larval penetration of the skin or buccal mucosa, or through the ingestion of paratenic hosts (except for A. ceylanicum ). For A. caninum , and to a lesser extent U. stenocephala , transmammary transmission can occur. • Transmammary transmission of larvae from bitch to pup is
an important route of infestation for A. caninum . In female dogs, larvae can undergo somatic migration and become disseminated in various tissues and organs. Larvae become hypobiotic and remain quiescent for months or years and can reactivate during parturition and lactation.
Life cycle of Ancylostoma/Uncinaria
Life cycle of Ancylostoma/Uncinaria
Dormant larvae move into the gut and develop into adult worms
D.H. Dog and cat
Dormant larva (in striated muscle)
Adult worm feeding on intestinal mucosa
Adult buccal capsule hooklet
Transmammary transmission to puppies is the most common route of infestation. Transplacental transmission is very rare and only described for A. caninum
Ancylostoma (hooks)
Uncinaria (cutting plates)
Intestinal cells
Faeces
Some larvae migrate into the intestines and
Days to weeks depending on temperature
mature, and others migrate into striated muscle and encyst
Egg
Infective larvae (L3)
Eggs hatch, larvae develop in soil (damp, slightly sandy) to become infective larvae (L3)
D.H. = definitive host
Extracted from the Textbook of Clinical Parasitology in dogs and cats, Beugnet F., Halos L., Guillot J., Ed Servet, 2018. Life cycles adapted from Pet Owner Educational Atlas. Parasites, Carithers D. and Miro G., Ed Servet, 2012. Life cycle from Beugnet, F., et al (2018) Textbook of Clinical Parasitology in Dogs and Cat. Grupo Asis Biomedica, S.L.; Adapted from Carithers, D., et al (2012) Pet Owner Educational Atlas.
CONTENTS
Companion Animal Zoonoses Guidelines 50
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