KEY CONSIDERATIONS 1. While Q fever has traditionally been associated with production animal species it is now apparent that companion species can pose a risk, albeit much lower. 2. Although seroprevalence is relatively high in some groups of animals, shedding and transmission is more likely during the periparturient period. Veterinarians have an important role to play in the education of dog and cat breeders on the management of risks associated with C. burnetii . 3. Implementation of risk mitigation strategies is important for high risk groups and situations. This should include PPE, appropriate cleaning and disinfection and most importantly, vaccination of at-risk groups.
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Vaccination against Q fever in
humans is effective and is strongly recommended for all staff working in a veterinary clinic.
References: 1. Shapiro, A., et al (2020) Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in raw meat intended for pet consumption. Zoonoses Public Health , 67(4), 443-452. 2. Ma, G.C., et al (2020) New insights on the epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii in pet dogs and cats from New South Wales, Australia. Acta Trop , 205, 105416. 3. Shapiro, A.J., et al (2017) Q Fever ( Coxiella burnetii ) knowledge and attitudes of Australian cat breeders and their husbandry practices. Zoonoses Public Health , 64(4), 252-261. 4. Eldin, C., et al (2017) From Q fever to Coxiella burnetii infection: a paradigm change. Clin Microbiol Rev , 30(1), 115-190. 5. Shapiro, A.J., et al (2015) Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in domesticated and feral cats in eastern Australia. Vet Microbiol , 177(1-2), 154-61. 6. Shapiro, A.J., et al (2016) Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in Australian dogs. Zoonoses Public Health , 63(6), 458-66. 7. Orr, B., et al (2021) Coxiella burnetii seroprevalence in pig-hunting dogs in tropical north Queensland. Manuscript in preparation. 8. Agerholm, J.S., (2013) Coxiella burneti i associated reproductive disorders in domestic animals-a critical review. Acta Vet Scand , 55, 13. 9. Buhariwalla, F., et al (1996) A dog-related outbreak of Q fever. Clin Infect Dis , 23(4), 753-5. 10. Langley, J.M., et al (1988) Poker players’ pneumonia. An urban outbreak of Q fever following exposure to a parturient cat. N Engl J Med , 319(6), 354-6.
11. Egberink, H., et al (2013) Coxiellosis/Q fever in cats: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg , 15(7), 573-5. 12. Brooke, R.J., et al (2013) Human dose response relation for airborne exposure to Coxiella burnetii . BMC Infect Dis , 13, 488. 13. Islam, A., et al (2011) Seroprevalence to Coxiella burnetii among residents of the Hunter New England region of New South Wales, Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg , 84(2), 318-20. 14. Sloan-Gardner, T.S., et al (2017) Trends and risk factors for human Q fever in Australia, 1991- 2014. Epidemiol Infect , 145(4), 787-795. 15. Eastwood, K., et al (2018) Q fever: A rural disease with potential urban consequences. Aust J Gen Pract , 47(3), 5555. 16. Karki, S., et al (2015) Risk factors and burden of acute Q fever in older adults in New South Wales: a prospective cohort study. Med J Aust , 203(11), 438. 17. Sellens, E., et al (2020) Coxiella burnetii seroprevalence in unvaccinated veterinary workers in Australia: Evidence to support Q fever vaccination. Zoonoses Public Health , 67(1), 79-88. 18. Malo, J.A., et al (2018) An outbreak of Q fever associated with parturient cat exposure at an animal refuge and veterinary clinic in southeast Queensland. Aust NZ J Public Health , 42(5), 451-455. 19. Kopecny, L., et al (2013) Investigating Coxiella burnetii infection in a breeding cattery at the centre of a Q fever outbreak. J Feline Med Sur g, 15(12), 1037-45.
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Companion Animal Zoonoses Guidelines 66
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