where they lived. Families liked the location so much that quite soon they built year-round homes, lived there full-time and founded schools for boys and girls. Mount Ariel is said to have been one of South Carolina’s first planned communities, developed in 1824–26, and centered around education. Villagers renamed Mount Ariel Cokesbury in 1834. P ELLAGRA . A disease due to a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B-3). It is most common in developing countries that depend on corn as a food staple. This was markedly the case in the American South. If left untreated, it can be fatal. By the 1950s, breads and cereals were being fortified with niacin, and pellagra deaths were basically eliminated in the U.S. The name "pellagra" is Italian ( "pelle" + "agra" = rough skin), referring to disease’s skin problems. P LATTSBURG B ARRACKS , Plattsburgh , New York . A military facility which functioned under various branches of the armed services from 1814 to 1995. Troops were stationed in Plattsburgh from c.1812 to 1825 but no permanent military base existed until 1838 when three stone barracks, “the Old Stone Barracks,” were built. These barracks were added to the National Registry of Historic Places in 1971. R EDFORD , N EW Y ORK , west of Plattsburgh, is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of Saranac in Adirondack Park. Redford is on the north side of the Saranac River that flows east to Lake Champlain. S HORTER C OLLEGE , Rome , Georgia . Founded in 1873 by Luther Rice Gwaltney, pastor of Rome Baptist Church, as the Cherokee Baptist Female College. It was renamed Shorter Female College in 1877 as a result of the financial contributions of Alfred and Martha Shorter. Boys enrolled at Shorter part-time beginning in 1948. The first male graduate was in 1953. In 2010, the name was changed to Shorter University. S OUTH C AROLINA L UNATIC A SYLUM , Columbia , South Carolina . A now closed publicly funded state-run psychiatric hospital. When it opened in 1828 South Carolina was the first state in the Deep South and only the third in the U.S. to open a hospital to treat mental illness. In 1896, it was renamed South Carolina State Hospital for the Insane. Gradually during the 20th century, treatment shifted to community-based facilities, inpatient and outpatient, and away from centralized facilities. As the number of patients in Columbia declined, the state used some buildings on the hospital grounds as departmental offices for a time then sold most of the now-empty buildings to a developer. S OUTH G EORGIA C OLLEGE , McRae , Georgia . A Methodist college which opened in 1893. The college closed in 1928, the campus was sold to the local school district, and the College Administration Building served as the high school and a primary school. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, it is currently the Telfair Center for the Arts. (The school never had any association with the present South Georgia College, in Douglas.) S PANISH - A MERICAN W AR . Fought between the United States and Spain, the war originated in the Cuban struggle for independence from Spain. On February 15, 1898, the U.S. battleship Maine sank in Havana Harbor, Cuba, the result of an explosion; 260 men were lost. War was declared on April 21, 1898. Two major American victories of the conflict were: May 1, 1898, in the Philippines, the Battle of Manila Bay; and July 1, 1898, in Cuba, the Battle of San Juan Hill. This short war ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and gave
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