imbalances have the most effect on tissues during fetal development and growth or during intense physical activity. In horses, mineral imbalances most often affect the musculoskeletal system and result in abnormal growth in the young and poor performance in mature animals. Performance is affected by imbalances or deficiencies. Minerals such as calcium, potassium, sodium, chlorine, selenium and cobalt impact functions such as nerve conduction, muscle contraction, ATP synthesis as well as acting as cofactors for enzymes, or having an interaction in the bioactivity of vitamins.
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