CHAPTER THREE: CELLULAR AND SUBCELLULAR RESPONSES TO INJURY
Definitions
Atrophy – ______________________________________________________________________
Hypertrophy – __________________________________________________________________
Hyperplasia – ___________________________________________________________________
Metaplasia – ___________________________________________________________________
Dysplasia – ____________________________________________________________________
Anaplasia – ____________________________________________________________________
Neoplasia – ____________________________________________________________________
Benign – _______________________________________________________________________
Malignant – ____________________________________________________________________
Metastasis - ____________________________________________________________________
Ossification – ___________________________________________________________________
Dystrophic Calcification – _________________________________________________________
Metastatic Calcification – _________________________________________________________
Subcellular Alterations To fully understand the effects of stress on a cell we must examine the alterations that occur in the organelles and in the membranes that surround the cell and the organelles. In exploring the causes of cellular injury, we have started to understand some of the changes that occur in different parts of the cell. A more in-depth exploration of these changes will help to clarify how cellular injury occurs. are some of the most susceptible areas of the cell to injury. Events such as hypoxia or toxicity have a direct effect on the integrity of membranes. Acidity in the cell and in the extracellular fluid (ECF) causes the of membrane proteins. As denaturation occurs, membrane proteins lose their function. Protein pores no longer regulate the passage of molecules into and out of the cell, protein receptors no longer are able to bind with chemical messengers and enzyme mediated reactions that govern the active transport of
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