Remodelling occurs both during and after the repair stage. Osteoclasts remove woven bone while osteoblasts replace it with cortical bone. Once the fracture site is fully filled in with cortical bone osteoclasts remove any excess bone and re-open the medullary cavity. Prognosis will depend on the bone affected, the type of fracture, where the fracture occurred and whether the bone is weigh-bearing or non weight-bearing.
Types of Fractures
Salter-Harris Physeal
Salter-Harris fractures is a fracture that involves the epiphyseal plate or growth plate. It is most common in young horses. There are 9 types, but 1-5 are the most common.
Type I – transverse fracture through the physis.
Type II – fracture through the physis and metaphysis
Type III – fracture through the physis and epiphysis
Type IV – through all 3 structures
Type V – compression of the plate
Open & Closed
Open or
fractures occur when bone has broken through the skin and is exposed
to the external environment. These breaks are predisposed to bone infection or Closed fractures occur when the bone doesn’t break through the skin.
.
Complete or Incomplete
Complete fractures go through both sides of the bone, dividing it into 2 or more pieces. Incomplete fractures don’t penetrate the cortex or involve only 1 side of the bone. These are most often referred to as fractures.
Simple & Comminuted
Simple fractures involve a single fracture line which separates the bone into 2. Comminuted fractures involve multiple fracture lines which create bone segments which may become .
Avulsions
Avulsions are a type of complete displaced fracture that occurs when a tendon or ligament pulls away a piece of bone from its point of attachment.
Chip or Slab
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