LMN Lesions
Identifying lesions in the LMN’s of the somatic nervous system may be easier than identifying and locating lesion in other parts of the nervous system as the locations and branches, as well as the target tissues, of these nerves has been mapped by anatomists. Dysfunction of a lower motor neuron is seen by the flaccid, neurogenic paralysis of the muscles it innervates, muscle weakness, hypotonia & hyporeflexia as well as loss of skin sensation. Specific tests have been developed to help identify and classify LMN dysfunction. In general it can be said that lesions in the spinal cord or in the spinal nerves affecting the area from the second thoracic vertebra to the sixth lumbar vertebrae will be seen as paralysis of the muscles of the limb, while lesions occurring in the spinal cord or the spinal nerves exiting the spinal cord from the sixth cervical vertebrae to the second thoracic vertebrae will be seen as paralysis of the muscles of the limb. Lesions occurring in the spinal cord or the spinal nerves exiting the spinal cord from the first cervical vertebrae to the eighth cervical vertebrae will be seen as paralysis of the muscles of the . Lesions occurring in the motor neurons that exit the brainstem, nerves, will be seen as paralysis of the muscles of the face and the neck.
Neurotoxic Agents
These agents can result in neurological signs & symptoms.
Pharmaceuticals –
Environmental Toxins -
Plants -
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