If the nerve sprouts are able to reach the neurolemma and enter the neurolemma tube they will continue to grow distally within the tube at a rate of 1mm per day until the target tissue is reached. In this way innervation and function of the target tissue may be restored. as the degeneration of the axon structures is prolonged and incomplete. The axon debris that persists after degeneration releases factors that inhibit the regeneration of the axon and promote the formation of scar tissue. Wallerian degeneration-regeneration is extremely limited in the
Peripheral Neuropathies
In general, the main causes of peripheral neuropathies is trauma (pressure, stretch, direct blow), infection, toxicity, laceration/fracture, bruises, ADH or injection of an irritating substance.
There are 3 main pathogeneses that can occur with neuropathies.
1) neuropraxia - mild compression resulting in bruising/inflammation but the axonal integrity is maintained
2) axonotmesis – crushing force of axon but the epineurium & perineurium remain intact
3) neurotmesis – complete disruption of nervous & perineural tissue
Treatment of this type of injury depends on if the nerve was stretched or compressed/severed. If the nerve was stretched stall rest for 4-6 weeks with cold hydro, DMSO, NSAIDs, CS, supportive wraps if possible and gradual physical therapy such as swimming, massage and passive ROM. If the nerve was compressed or severed, surgery is recommended to repair or relieve the compression. Casts, splints, bandaging, cold hydro, DMSO, NSAIDs, CS, supportive wraps and gradual physical therapy during recovery are all helpful.
Neuralgia:
Neuritis:
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