Treatment of ventricular septal defect includes the administration of digoxin, diuretics and ACE inhibitors. In many foals the defect _______________ as the heart grows.
Prognosis is good for those defects that resolve without intervention and guarded for others.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Patent ductus arteriosus describes the failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth.
This congenital defect allows oxygenated blood from the aorta to flow backwards through the ductus arteriosus into the _______________ artery causing a reduction in the amount of oxygenated blood being delivered to the body tissues and congestion of the_________________. Foals who are born premature or those with _____________ conditions at birth are at increased risk of patent ductus arteriosus. Patent ductus arteriosus is seen clinically as tachycardia, exercise intolerance, heart murmur, lethargy and visible enlargement of the heart on EKG.
Diagnosis is made through clinical signs and symptoms, auscultation, radiography and EKG.
Treatment is to restrict the intake of fluids, and to administer diuretics and ____________ to trigger the closing of the ductus arteriosus.
Tetralogy of Fallot
The Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of four congenital heart defects that occur simultaneously. It is thought to be a _____________ defect as it is seen occurring in families and is thought to be heritable.
The four defects of the Tetralogy of Fallot are:
________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
Pulmonary artery stenosis is a ____________ of the pulmonary artery. This causes reduced blood flow from the heart to the lungs and causes increased pressure within the right ventricle. An overriding aorta describes a defect by which the aorta connects to both the right and left ______________ , and therefore receives both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood during ventricular contraction.
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