Diagnosis is made through a bacterial culture through a nasal swab or sinuscentesis. Endoscopy and x-rays are helpful in the diagnosis. Treatment includes systemic antibiotics and lavage and drainage of the paranasal sinuses. If an infected tooth was the cause, the tooth needs to be removed.
Prognosis is fair if treatment is prompt as it may become a chronic condition.
Ethmoid Hematoma
An Ethmoid hematoma is an idiopathic mass that forms in the ethmoid bone. Causes may include trauma, chronic respiratory irritation or tumor formation. that is progressive and locally destructive. As the blood clots, a mass or tumor forms within the ethmoid bone that applies pressure to the surrounding bone. As the mass grows the surrounding bone experiences more ischemic necrosis, allowing more room for the hematoma to spread. Haemorrhage into the respiratory mucosa of the ethmoid bone causes an area of
Ethmoid hematoma is seen in mature horses over six years of age.
The clinical presentation of ethmoid hematoma includes mild, persistent, intermittent, unilateral and spontaneous . Poor performance and exercise intolerance due to dyspnea also accompany ethmoid hematoma, but the severity varies with the size of the mass. Diagnosis of ethmoid hematoma is made through endoscopy where the mass within the ethmoid bone is visible. Radiology may also reveal the presence of a mass in the ethmoid bone.
Treatment may be the surgical removal of the mass, cryosurgery or the use of a
to
ablate the mass.
Prognosis is guarded as the hematoma may reform after removal.
Pharyngitis / Pharyngeal Lymphoid Hyperplasia
Pharyngitis refers to the inflammation of the pharynx while pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia refers to the enlargement of the diffuse lymphoid tissue found in the pharynx (MALT). Both conditions are associated with viral or bacterial infection of the respiratory tract, though pharyngitis tends to be more pronounced with infections. Inhalation of irritants such as pollution, dust and mold may also lead to PLH. Pharyngitis and pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia are similar to tonsillitis in humans. In humans the tonsils are masses of lymphatic tissue found in the pharyngeal region, in horses the pharyngeal lymphatic tissue is not distinct, it is spread diffusely amongst the epithelial cells of the pharynx. When there is infection in the respiratory tract the lymphatic cells become inflamed
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