Animals bred using live cover (TB) are at increased risk of contracting contagious equine metritis. Mares that are chronically infected may pass the infection on to their foals at birth causing the foal to become a . The clinical presentation of contagious equine metritis includes the formation of large amounts of mucopurulent ten to fourteen days after breeding, shortened estrus cycle and edema and hyperemia of the endometrium, cervix and vaginal mucosa. Mares fail to conceive and those that are chronically infected may be subclinical. Diagnosis of contagious equine metritis can be made through culture fromuterine swab revealing the presence of Taylorella equigenitalis in the uterus. Treatment may not be required as most mares recover from infection within weeks. Isolation & quarantine should be implemented. If the infection becomes chronic, uterine with chlorahexadine followed by the topical application of nitrofurazone ointment may be required. Fertility is regained once infection has cleared.
Prevention is to have all breeding animal tested for CEM.
CEM is a disease in North America. It has been eliminated from NA since the 1980s, but there is concern for those that import. Therefore, there are federal regulations for both permanent & temporary import/export to & from NA.
Vulvitis and Vaginitis
Vulvitis refers to the inflammation of the vulva while vaginitis describes the inflammation of the vagina.
Inflammation of the vulva and the vagina are caused by
, which may occur during
breeding or during parturition.
Trauma causes tearing and inflammation of the vagina and vulva which predisposes the mare to secondary bacterial infection of these structures. Mares bred using live cover are at increased risk of vulvitis and vaginitis. The breeding of a small mare to a large stallion may also predispose a mare to vulvitis and vaginitis as a large body stallion is likely to have a proportionally large penis, and the offspring of a large stallion are more likely to be large as well. mares and dystocia will also predispose for damage. The clinical presentation of vulvitis and vaginitis includes pain, elevated tail carriage, standing with the back arched, anorexia, dysuria, straining, valvar swelling and serous or mucopurulent vaginal discharge. The clinical signs and symptoms become apparent one to four days after the trauma has occurred. There is no effect on fertility.
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