If the penis cannot be extended through the preputal orifice the horse will urinate into the prepuce causing and predisposing for secondary bacterial infection of the penis, the urethra and the prepuce. The clinical presentation of phimosis includes urination without extension of the penis, balanoposthitis, failure to achieve erection, inability to copulate, infection and the excessive build-up of malodorous smegma. Diagnosis can be made through the clinical signs and symptoms, as well as culture from swab of the preputal cavity. , thorough washing and lubrication of the penis and sheath, the surgical removal of space occupying lesions, the surgical enlargement of the preputal orifice or the surgical removal of fibrotic tissue and adhesions that are causing stenosis of the prepuce. Treatment includes the administration of NSAID’s, the insertion of a urinary
Equine Coital Exanthema
As in the mare, equine coital exanthema is a venereal disease caused by the equine herpes virus type III (EHV-III). The virus invades the cells of the genital epithelium causing inflammation and neutrophil migration to the infected tissues. The neutrophils phagocytize the infected cells causing the formation of . The vesicles are friable and ulcerate easily. Ulceration predisposes the lesions for secondary bacterial infection by Streptococcus spp . Equine coital exanthema is transmitted through coitus or through contact between the genital mucous membranes and infected fomites. Breeding stallions, especially those are live bred are at increased risk of contracting equine coital exanthema. The incubation period for equine coital exanthema is four to eight days. The primary lesion seen with equine coital exanthema are multiple, red, circular nodules that can be up to 2 mm in diameter. These lesions are seen on the penis and the prepuce. Over time the nodules form vesicles which crust & ulcerate. Secondary bacterial infection of the ulcerated lesions results in the formation of mucopurulent exudate. The lesions seen with equine coital exanthema are painful, which may cause the failure to achieve , or may cause the stallion to be reluctant to copulate. Lesions usually heal within 1-3 weeks after onset. Diagnosis of equine coital exanthema is made through the clinical signs and symptoms, and through the isolation of EHV-III in skin biopsy taken from the lesions.
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