Dystocia
Dystocia is a term used for any type of
in parturition. Dystocia is not especially
common in the mare.
Premature Separation of the Chorioallantoic Membrane
Premature separation of the chorioallantoic membrane is commonly called “
”.
It may be idiopathic or can be caused by placentitis.
Placentitis causes the thickening and fibrosis of the placenta, making it resistant to the pressure that normally causes the placenta to . If the placenta is delivered intact with the foal the umbilical cord is no longer receiving oxygenated blood from the mare. The foal becomes during the delivery and if not freed of the placenta quickly the foal becomes anoxic and dies. Predispositions include anything that results in placentitis such as bacterial infections. Maiden mares also experience more red bag deliveries. The clinical presentation of premature separation of the chorioallantoic membrane includes the appearance of a membrane at the vulva before the foal is apparent.
Diagnosis can be made through the clinical presentation.
Treatment involves the immediate of the placenta and the assisted delivery of the foal. Premature separation of the chorioallantoic membrane is a medical emergency requiring veterinary attention; however immediate action must be taken to rupture the placenta.
Fetal Mal Presentation
Fetal mal-presentation is considered
. It usually involves the failure of the
foal to rotate into the normal delivery position.
The mal-positioning of the fetus causes difficult delivery, contusion and tearing of the cervix and vagina, of the limbs or neck of the foal or hypoxia and hypoxic death of the foal. Mares that are small in size compared to their foal, twining, fetal deformity, fetal death and mares are all predisposed to fetal mal positioning.
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