the myocardium and the blood vessels, pain on palpation of tendons such as the digital flexor tendons, synchronous diaphragmatic flutter and seizures. Diagnosis is made through the clinical signs and symptoms and serology. Treatment includes the restriction of vitamin D in the diet, feeding dried forage and restricting turnout.
Vitamin A Toxicity
Vitamin A toxicity is not common in horses. It may be caused by the over supplementation of vitamin A. The clinical presentation of vitamin A toxicity includes anemia, retarded growth, dull hair, scale on the skin, anorexia, depression, decreases and haemorrhage, recumbency, coma and death. Diagnosis is made through the clinical signs and symptoms and serology. Treatment includes the restriction of vitamin A in the diet.
Caloric Excess
Caloric excess is caused by the excessive intake of calorie rich feeds such as spring grass, grains, processed feeds and vegetable oils. The ingestion of excess calories results in the increased deposition of adipose tissue subcutaneously and surrounding the viscera and mesenteries. Excess adipose tissue predisposes the horse for , EMS, colic and laminitis and may affect athletic performance and movement.
Draft and pony breeds are predisposed to caloric excess.
The clinical presentation of caloric excess includes obesity, exercise intolerance, sluggishness, reduced fertility, heat intolerance, colic and laminitis. Diagnosis of caloric excess is made through the clinical signs and symptoms and through case history. Treatment includes the of calorie intake while maintaining the daily nutritional requirements and the implementation of a controlled exercise program.
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