CHAPTER 42: EAR DISEASES
Introduction
The ear is an organ for both hearing but also balance. The ears are mobile and can function independently of one another. They are shaped to capture sound and funnel sound waves into the auditory canal.
The ear is divided into 3 anatomical regions:
Outer ear – Middle ear – Inner ear –
• • •
Pinnae is covered with skin & hair therefore it is susceptible to skin diseases such as bites, lacerations, dermatitis, aural plaques & tumors. Physical examination of the ear will include checking for inflammation, injury from trauma, secretions or excessive cerumen. An is used to inspect the ear canal and eardrum. Fluid and/or tissue samples can be taken to determine the organism involved. X-rays, neurological test & electronic tests may be warranted to rule out or confirm certain conditions such as hearing loss.
Otitis Externa
Otitis Externa is inflammation of the
.
There are many different causes that can lead to inflammation &/or infection of the ear canal. More common causes include foreign bodies, inserting objects into the ear, parasites, ticks, and hypersensitivity reactions. The irritation from any of the above causes leads to inflammation of the cells that line the auditory tube.
Predispositions include humid climates.
Signs & symptoms include head shaking, head/ear shy, redness, swelling, pain, itchiness, scaly skin, serous/purulent discharge and bad odor. The inflammation or infection may spread to middle ear or rupture the ear drum if not treated. Diagnosis includes signs & symptoms, cultures from fluid and an otoscope. Treatment is to remove any foreign objects, clean the ear and apply topical antibiotics or corticosteroids if needed.
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