begin. Lameness and CNS signs such as aggression, , paresis, hyperesthesia, disinterest, photophobia, convulsions and coma occur followed by death within 4-5 days.
Diagnosis is through clinical signs and symptoms and
of the brainstem to isolate
viral antibodies (post-mortem).
There is no treatment for rabies. Suspected cases are isolated and observed. If the animal was unvaccinated or is showing S&S, euthanasia is required. If the horse was vaccinated, they should get a rabies and remain in quarantine for 6 months. Prognosis is grave. Prevention is achieved through vaccination and is recommended for every animal. Rabies is a disease.
Arbovirus Encephalitis/encephalomyelitis
Eastern, Western & Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis, West Nile Virus
Arbovirus Encephalitis are caused by a group of arboviruses that is transmitted by biting insects such as . The infected bird/rodent acts as the reservoir. Predisposition is during the warmer, wet summer months. There are regional predispositions for EEE, WEE, VEE & WNV. They will be discussed in subsequent chapters. Signs and symptoms of Equine Encephalomyelitis include fever, anorexia, tachycardia, facial nerve paralysis, twitching of the eyeball, CNS signs such as aggression, ataxia, blindness, head pressing, and circling, convulsion and coma. Diagnosis is made through history, clinical signs, and serology for antibodies against a strain of equine encephalomyelitis (ELISA).
Treatment is generally supportive involving antiviral drugs, IV fluids, slings and catheters.
Death occurs in seventy-five to ninety percent of cases of Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis, twenty to fifty percent of cases of Western Equine Encephalomyelitis, forty to eighty percent of cases of Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis and 30-35% of cases of West Nile Virus.
Prevention is possible through
.
Of the 4 discussed types, for zoonotic transmission.
type is considered to be the highest risk
Methicillian-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
The etiology of MRSA is a type of G+ staphylococcus bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics (penicillin).
Transmission is through direct or indirect contact with contaminated fomites.
73
Made with FlippingBook Publishing Software