muscle twitching & weakness, altered consciousness, recumbency & urinary incontinence. Other S&S can include colic, facial edema and congestion of mucus membranes.
Diagnosis is through blood test, nasal swab or post-mortem
of lungs, spleen &
kidney.
There is no treatment or cure for Hendra virus in horses. Prognosis is poor with a 75% mortality rate. Prevention is vaccine and limiting contact with bats.
Clinical infection of Hendra virus in horses is rare and has not been reported outside of Australia.
Vesicular Stomatitis
Vesicular stomatitis is a viral, contagious, self-limiting and rarely life-threatening disease.
The etiology of vesicular stomatitis is vesiculovirus of the rhabdoviridae family. Indiana & New Jersey are the most common serotypes known in North America. Transmission is direct contact or contact with infected fomites. The vector is blackflies and sandflies with the reservoir being .
VS is an
disease most commonly seen in South Western US. Outbreaks are
common during the spring/summer/fall months.
Signs & symptoms include fever, on mucus membranes, udder/prepuce & the coronary band. Eventually the vesicles rupture and ulcerate followed by crust formation crusting of burst vesicles. Due to the rupture of the vesicles, or drooling is common. Horses often refuse to eat/drink due to the pain and lameness could occur with ulceration of the coronet band.
Diagnosis is through S&S and serology to isolate the virus.
VS is a self-limiting disease within 1-2 weeks. Horses should still be quarantined during that time. Symptomatic care would include rinsing ulcers with antiseptics, NSAIDs for pain management, feeding soft food and wet chopped hay. If a secondary bacterial infection occurs from the rupture vesicles, antibiotics should be prescribed.
Prognosis is excellent. Prevention is insect control. VS is a reportable disease in North America.
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