Machinery's Handbook, 31st Edition
2754 FLUID COMPONENT SYMBOLS AND CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS Table 5. Selected ANSI Fluid Component Symbols Table 5. (Continued) Selected ANSI Fluid Component Symbols
Diamond Fluid Conditioner (Filter, Strainer)
Arrow Through Symbol at 45° Indicates Component Can Be Adjusted
Pump, Fixed Capacity (One direction of flow)
Pump, Variable Capacity (Two directions of flow)
Single Acting Spring Return Air Cylinder
Double Acting Air Cylinder
Double Acting Rotary Actuator
Single Acting Air Cylinder
Pressure Regulator, Adjustable and Relieving
Pressure Gauge
Temperature Gauge
Cooler
Flow Control Valve, Adjustable
Check Valve
Shut-off Valve
Pressure Control Valve
Directional Valve Two Port, Two Position (2/2) Two Way, Normally Open
Directional Valve Five Port, Two Position (5/2) Four Way, Normally Open
Directional Valve Three Port, Two Position (3/2) Two Way, Normally Closed
Pressure Relief Valve
Directional Valve Two Position, Three Way, Normally Open, With Single Solenoid and Spring Return
Directional Valve Two Position, Three Way, Normally Open, With Double Solenoids and Manual Overrides
Directional Valve Two Position, Three Way, Normally Open, With Manual Actuation and Spring Return
Directional Valve Five Port, Three Position (5/3) Four Way, Normally Closed
a A pneumatic direction symbol is shown as an outline; a hydraulic symbol is filled. Fluid Circuit Analysis Considerations.— When designing or analyzing a fluid circuit, one must consider fluid type, flow rate, velocity, pressure, and temperature. Fluid type and temperature will determine how it behaves as it is manipulated. Excessive velocities can lead to noise, vibration, and stresses. Pressure and flow rate will determine what size and type of pipe, tube, and components can be used. Also important to consider is the struc- tural integrity of the system, including the weight of components, connections, and fluid. Every component in a fluid circuit, with the exceptions of pumps and compressors, will cause energy to be lost from the fluid. Friction, gravity, directional change, and restriction are all causes of lost energy. A careful analysis of energy added and lost from a fluid circuit must be completed as part of the design process. Safety Notes.— When designing fluid circuits, safety should be of paramount importance. The logic of all circuits should be checked for proper performance during startup, shut down, pressure loss, emergency stops, and other foreseeable events. Before selecting any control element, it is important to first know the safety category for the function being con trolled by the fluid circuit. The manufacturer can assist in selecting components with the proper safety functions and ratings. It is important to note that any compressed gas other than air is an asphyxiation hazard. Air quality monitoring devices should be used when the volume of available gas has the potential to create an unsafe environment in the event of a leak. Some fluids can be incompatible with materials used in the circuit. Check material compatibility of seals, tubing, and other components. Check the temperature ratings of any components against the expected temperature of the fluid application.
Copyright 2020, Industrial Press, Inc.
ebooks.industrialpress.com
Made with FlippingBook - Share PDF online