Table 39. Pressure and Stress Conversion Factors
pascal (N/m 2 )
psi (lb/inch 2 )
inch of water
inch of mercury
millimeter of mercury
ton/ft 2 (short)
To Convert ↓
atmosphere
dyne/cm 2
bar
kg/cm 2
kg/m 2
pound/ft 2
1 101325 1.0133 3 10 6 1.01325 1.03319076 10,331.9076 14.6959488 2,116.216 407.1893 29.9212 760
0.9597354
atmosphere pascal (N/m 2 )
10 1 3 10 − 5 1.0 1968 3 10 − 5 0.101968 0.00014504 0.02088 0.004019 0.0002953 0.0075 9.472 3 10 − 6 1 1 3 10 − 6 1. 01968 3 10 − 6 0.0101968 1.4504 3 10 − 5 0.002088 0.000402 2.95 3 10 − 5 0.00075 9.472 3 10 − 7
1
9.8692 3 10 − 6 9.8692 3 10 − 7 0.98692327
0.1
dyne/cm 2
1 3 10 5
1 3 10 6
bar
1
1.01968
10194.8 14.5037256 2088.5434 401.8646 29.5299 750.06168 0.9471852
10000
0.96784111 98,069.982 980,699.83 0.9807 9.6787 3 10 − 5 9.80699 98.06998 9.807 3 10 − 5
1
14.2232691 2048.6123 394.0945 28.9653 735.58536 0.9289043 0.001422 0.204823 0.039409 0.002896 0.0735585 9.289 3 10 − 5
kilogram/cm 2 kilogram/meter 2 psi (lb/inch 2 ) pound/ft 2 inch of water inch of mercury mm of mercury ton/ft 2 (short)
0.0001
1
144
0.06804596 6,894.7572 68,947.573 0.068947 0.07029148 703.0446 4.7254 3 10 − 4 47.88025 478.80258 0.000478 0.00048813 4.88225 0.00245586 248.8400 2488.4003 0.002488 0.00253690 25.3737
1
27.70768 2.03602 51.71493 0.0653061 0.19241 0.014139 0.3591314 0.0004535 0.073482 1.866453 0.002356 1
0.006944
1
0.036091 5.19713
0.03342112 3386.3949 33,863.949 0.033863 0.03452401 345.3039 0.491153 70.72632 13.6087 1 0.00131579 133.32236 1333.22368 0.001333 0.00135921 13.594615 0.019336 2.784495 0.53577 0.03937 1 25.4
0.0320754 0.0012628
0.94508279 95760.514 957605.14 0.957605 0.9764854 9764.854 13.88888
2000
384.8277 28.27801 718.2616
1
Units of Force Table 40. Force Conversion Factors
To Convert ↓
dyne
gram force 0.00101968 1.0196798 101.96798 1
joule/cm newton
kg f
lb f
kip
poundal
ounce force
0.001 0.9807
0.00001 0.009807
dyne
1
1.01968 3 10 − 6 2.24809 3 10 − 6 2.2481 3 10 − 9
7.233013 3 10 − 5
3.59694 3 10 − 5 0.03527521 0.03596942
0.001
gram force joule/cm
980.7 1000
0.0022047 0.002248 0.2248089
0.0709341 0.0723301 7.23301 70.934129 32.174038 32174.038
2.2047 3 10 − 6 2.2481 3 10 − 6 2.2481 3 10 − 4 0.0022047
0.01
1
0.00101968 0.101967982
1 3 10 5
100
newton kg force
3.596942 35.2752102
1
1000
980.7
9.807
1
2.2047
9.807 3 10 5 4.4482 3 10 5
0.001
lb f kip
453.57627
444.822
4.44822
0.45357626
1
16
1000
4.4482 3 10 8 4.5357 3 10 5 4.4482 3 10 5 4448.2224 453.5762688
1
16000
poundal
13825.50 27801.39
14.097586 28.348519
13.8255 27.8013
0.1382555 0.014097586
0.0310809
1
0.497296
3.1081 3 10 − 5
ounce force
0.278013
0.02834852
0.06250
2.010877
1
6.25 3 10 − 5
Figures in bold face indicate the conversion is exact
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