Machinery's Handbook, 31st Edition
SOLDERING
1567
Properties of Soft Solder Alloys Appendix, ASTM B32-08 (R2014)
Nominal Composition a Percent
Melting Ranges, c Degrees Fahrenheit Solidus Liquidus
Specific Gravity b
Sn Pb Sb Ag
Uses
70 30 … … 8.32 361 63 37 … … 8.40 361 62 36 … 2 8.44 354 60 40 … … 8.65 361
377 For soldering zinc and coating metals.
For soldering printed circuit boards where temperature limitations are critical and in applications where an extremely short melting range is required.
361
372 For soldering silver-coated surfaces.
374 “Fine solder” for soldering electrical and electronic connections and for coating metals.
For general purposes. Most popular of all. Can be used for noncritical electrical soldering and applications such as joining sheet metal, pipe, tubing, and other structural shapes. For general purposes. Can be used for noncritical electrical soldering and applications such as joining sheet metal, pipe, tubing, and other structural shapes.
50 50 … … 8.85 361
421
45 55 … … 8.97 361
441
40 60 … … 9.30 361 35 65 … … 9.50 361 30 70 … … 9.70 361 25 75 … … 10.00 361 20 80 … … 10.20 361 15 85 … … 10.50 437 d 10 90 … … 10.80 514 d 5 95 … … 11.30 586 2 98 … … 11.22 601 40 58 2 … 9.23 365 35 63.2 1.8 … 9.44 365 30 68.4 1.6 … 9.65 364 25 73.7 1.3 … 9.96 365 20 79 1 … 10.17 363 95 … 5 … 7.25 452
460 For dip soldering and as a wiping solder for joining lead pipes and cable sheaths. 447 A plumber's solder, but with a lower antimony content.
For automobile-body solder and for removing heat-strippable insulation during high-temperature (700 to 900°F) [370 to 480°C] tinning of wires.
491
511 For automobile-body solder.
531 For automobile-body solder with a lower antimony than alloy Sn20 below.
554 For coating and joining metals. 576 For coating and joining metals. 594 For coating and joining metals. 611 For soldering automobile radiator cores.
448 Similar to Sn40 above, but not recommended for use on galvanized iron.
470 482
For wiping solders promoting finer grain size and greater strength. For automobile-body solder for filling dents and seams. Used for automobile-body solder for filling dents and seams, and for general purposes such as protective coatings on steel sheet where a high tin content alloy is not required. This alloy will develop a shearing strength of 1500 psi at 350 °F [177°C]. When soldering hard-drawn brass or copper, the application temperature should not exceed 850 °F [455°C]. Used on thermocouples for aircraft engines, where relatively high operating temperatures will not affect strength of the solder. For use on copper, brass, and similar metals with torch heating. Not recommended in humid environments due to its known susceptibility to corrosion.
504 For automobile-body solder.
517
464 For joints on copper in electrical, plumbing, and heating work.
… 94.5 … 5.5 11.3
580
716
… 97.5 … 2.5 11.35 580
580
1 97.5 … 1.5 11.28 588 For use on copper, brass, and similar metals with torch heating. This alloy is used interchangeably with the above alloy Ag2.5, but it has a better shelf life and does not develop a black surface deposit when stored under humid environmental conditions. a Abbreviations of alloying elements are as follows: Sn, tin; Pb, lead; Sb, antimony; and Ag, silver. b The specific gravity multiplied by 0.0361 equals the density in pounds per cubic inch. 588 c The alloys are completely solid below the lower point given, designated “solidus,” and completely liquid above the higher point given, designated “liquidus.” In the range of temperatures between these two points the alloys are partly solid and partly liquid. d For some engineering design purposes, it is well to consider these alloys as having practically no mechanical strength above 360°F (182°C). Soldering Aluminum: Two properties of aluminum which tend to make it more difficult to solder are its high thermal conductivity and the tenacity of its ever-present oxide film. Aluminum soldering is performed in a temperature range of from 550–770 ° F (288– 410 ° C), compared to 375–400 ° F (191–204 ° C) temperature range for ordinary metals, because of the metal’s high thermal conductivity. Two methods can be used, one using flux and one using abrasion. The flux method is most widely used and is known as flow
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