TABLE OF CONTENTS MACHINING OPERATIONS Machinery's Handbook, 31st Edition
GRINDING AND OTHER ABRASIVE PROCESSES
CNC NUMERICAL CONTROL PROGRAMMING
(Continued) 1338 Laps and Lapping 1338 Material for Laps 1339
(Continued) 1361 1361 1361 1361
Feed Rate Override Tool Function (T-Address) Tool Nose Radius Compensation Rapid Motion (G00) Linear Interpolation (G01) Circular Interpolation (G02, G03) Helical and Other Interpolation Methods Work Offset (G54 though G59) Tool Length Offset (G43, G44) Cutter Radius Offset (G41, G42)
Laps for Flat Surfaces Grading Abrasives Charging Laps Rotary Diamond Lap Grading Diamond Dust Cutting Properties Cutting Qualities Wear of Laps Lapping Abrasives Effect of Lapping Lubricants Lapping Pressures Wet and Dry Lapping
1339 1339 1340 1340 1340 1341 1341 1341 1341 1342 1342 1342
1362 1362 1363
1364 Offsets for Milling 1364
1364 1365
1366 Machining Holes 1366 Fixed Cycles 1371 Contouring 1372 Turning and Boring 1374 Thread Cutting on CNC Lathes 1374 Depth of Thread Calculations 1375 Infeed Methods 1375 Radial Infeed 1375 Compound Infeed 1376 Threading Operations 1376 Threading Cycle (G32) 1376 Threading Cycle (G76) 1377 Multi-Start Threads 1377 Subprograms, Macros and Parametric Programming 1377 Subprograms 1378 Macros and Parametric Programming 1378 Basic Macro Skills 1379 Confirming Macro Capability 1379
Summary of Lapping Tests NONTRADITIONAL MACHINING AND CUTTING
1342 Introduction 1344 Mechanical Erosion Processes 1344 Water Jet Machining 1345 Ultrasonic Machining 1345 Abrasive Flow Machining 1345 Magnetic Abrasive Finishing 1345 Electro-Thermal Processes 1345 Electrical Discharge Machining 1345 Laser Beam Machining 1348 Plasma Arc Machining 1350 Electron Beam Machining CNC NUMERICAL CONTROL PROGRAMMING 1350 Introduction 1351 CNC Coordinate Geometry 1352 CNC Programming Process 1352 Word Address Format 1353 Program Development 1354 Control System 1355 CNC Program Data 1355 Program Structure 1358
Common Features and Applications Macro Structure Macro Definition and Call Variable Definition (G65) Types of Variables Variable Declarations and Expressions Macro Functions Branching and Looping Total Indicator Reading Types of CAD Drawings Drawing Projections Drawing Tips and Traps Drawing Exchange Standards
1379 1380 1380 1381 1381 1382 1384
1385 Macro Example 1386 Axis Nomenclature 1390 1390 CAD/CAM 1390
Miscellaneous Function (M-Codes) Unit of Measurement (G20, G21) Absolute and Incremental Programming (G90, G91) Spindle Function (S-Address) Feed Rate Function (F-Address) Inverse Time Feed Rate
1359 1359 1359 1360 1360
1392 1393 1396
1076
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