Machinery's Handbook, 31st Edition
1250
CUTTING FLUIDS Cutting Fluids Recommended for Machining Operations
Material to be Cut
Turning
Milling
Mineral Oil with 10 Percent Fat
Soluble Oil (96 Percent Water)
Aluminum a
(or)
Soluble Oil
(or) (or)
Mineral Seal Oil Mineral Oil
25 Percent Sulfur base Oil 75 Percent Mineral Oil 25 Percent Lard Oil with 75 Percent Mineral Oil
b with
10 Percent Lard Oil with 90 Percent Mineral Oil Soluble Oil (96 Percent Water)
Alloy Steels b
Brass
Mineral Oil with 10 Percent Fat
Tool Steels and
Soluble Oil Soluble Oil Soluble Oil Soluble Oil Soluble Oil Dry
Low-carbon Steels
Copper
Soluble Oil Soluble Oil Soluble Oil Soluble Oil Dry
Monel Metal Cast Iron c Malleable Iron
Bronze
10 Percent Lard Oil with 90 Percent Mineral Oil
Mineral Seal Oil
Magnesium d
Material to be Cut
Drilling
Tapping
Lard Oil Sperm Oil Wool Grease
Soluble Oil (75 to 90 Percent Water) 10 Percent Lard Oil with 90 Percent Mineral Oil
(or) (or) (or)
Aluminum a
(or)
25 Percent Sulfur-base Oil b Mixed with Mineral Oil 30 Percent Lard Oil with 70 Percent Mineral Oil 10 to 20 Percent Lard Oil with Mineral Oil 25 to 40 Percent Lard Oil with Mineral Oil 25 Percent Sulfur-base Oil b with 75 Percent Mineral Oil 25 to 40 Percent Lard Oil Mixed with Mineral Oil Soluble Oil Sulfur-base Oil b Mixed with Mineral Oil 25 Percent Lard Oil with 75 Percent Mineral Oil Dry
Alloy Steels b
Soluble Oil
Soluble Oil (75 to 90 Percent Water) 30 Percent Lard Oil with 70 Percent Mineral Oil
Brass
(or)
Tool Steels and
Soluble Oil
Low-carbon Steels
(or)
Copper
Soluble Oil
Monel Metal
Soluble Oil
(or)
Dry
Cast Iron c
(or)
Malleable Iron
Soluble Oil Soluble Oil
Soluble Oil
20 Percent Lard Oil with 80 Percent Mineral Oil 20 Percent Lard Oil with 80 Percent Mineral Oil
Bronze
60-second Mineral Oil
Magnesium d
a In machining aluminum, several varieties of coolants may be used. For rough machining, where the stock removal is sufficient to produce heat, water soluble mixtures can be used with good results to dissipate the heat. Other oils that may be recommended are straight mineral seal oil; a 50-50 mixture of mineral seal oil and kerosene; a mixture of 10 percent lard oil with 90 percent kerosene; and a 100-second mineral oil cut back with mineral seal oil or kerosene. b The sulfur-base oil referred to contains 4 1 ⁄ 2 percent sulfur compound. Base oils are usually dark in color. As a rule, they contain sulfur compounds resulting from a thermal or catalytic refinery process. When so processed, they are more suitable for industrial coolants than when they have had such compounds as flowers of sulfur added by hand. The adding of sulfur compounds by hand to the coolant reservoir is of temporary value only, and the non-uniformity of the solution may affect the machining operation. c A soluble oil or low-viscosity mineral oil may be used in machining cast iron to prevent excessive metal dust.
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