TABLE OF CONTENTS PROPERTIES, TREATMENT, AND TESTING OF MATERIALS Machinery's Handbook, 31st Edition
HARDENING, TEMPERING, AND ANNEALING
HARDENING, TEMPERING, AND ANNEALING
(Continued) 484
(Continued) 464
Flame Hardening Induction Hardening Induction Heating Equipment Depth of Heat Penetration Steel for Induction Hardening Through Hardening, Annealing, and Normalizing by Induction Induction Surface Hardening Typical Heat Treatments
Surface Hardening Treatment (Case Hardening) Fully Annealed Carbon Steel Rapid Cooling or Quenching Slow Cooling Steel Heat Treating Furnaces Physical Properties of Heat Treated Steels Critical Points of Decalescence and Recalescence Hardening Temperatures Heating Steel in Liquid Baths Defects in Hardening Scale on Hardened Steel Hardening or Quenching Baths Basic Steps Salt Baths Lead Bath In a Molten Salt Bath Tanks for Quenching Baths Interrupted Quenching Laser and Electron-Beam Surface Hardening In Water
484 485 485 485 486 486 487
465 466 466 467 468 470 470 471 471 472 472 472 472 473 474 474 475 476 478 478 478 478 479 479
469 Hardening 469
489 Metallography 493 Heat Treating High-Speed Steels 493 Tungsten High-Speed Steel 496 Molybdenum High-Speed Steels 498 Nitriding High-Speed Steel Tools 498 Equipment for Hardening 499 Heating for Forging 499 Subzero Treatment of Steel 499 Resulting Changes 501 Carburized Parts 501 Application to High-Speed Steel 502 Testing the Hardness of Metals 503 Brinell Hardness Test 503 Rockwell Hardness Test 503 Shore’s Scleroscope 503 Vickers Hardness Test 504 Knoop Hardness Numbers 504 Monotron Hardness Indicator 504 Keep’s Test 504 Comparison of Hardness Scales 506 Turner’s Sclerometer 506 Mohs’s Hardness Scale 506 Durometer Tests NONFERROUS ALLOYS 510 Strength Data for Nonferrous Metals 511 Coppers and Copper Alloys 511 Cast 516 Wrought 525 Copper-Silicon and Copper- Beryllium Alloys 527 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys 528 Temper Designations 531 Alloy Designation Systems 539 Heat-Treatability 540 Clad Aluminum Alloys 540 Aluminum Alloys, Wrought, Sheet 540 Principal Alloy Groups
476 Tempering 477
Temperatures In Salt Baths In a Lead Bath In Oil
To Prevent Lead from Sticking
In Sand
Double Tempering 479 Annealing, Spheroidizing, and Normalizing 480 Annealing 481 Spheroidizing 481 Normalizing 481 Case Hardening 481 Carburization 482 Pack-Hardening 482 Cyanide Hardening 482 Nitriding 483 Liquid Carburizing 483 Gas Carburizing 483 Vacuum Carburizing 483 Carburizing Steels 483 Clean after Case Hardening
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