Heat Table 5. Average Specific Heats of Various Substances Substance Specific Heat Substance Machinery's Handbook, 31st Edition
370
Specific Heat 0.031 0.037 0.217
Alcohol (absolute) Alcohol (density 0.8)
0.700 Lead
0.622
Lead (fluid)
Aluminum Antimony Benzine Brickwork Cadmium Carbon Charcoal Brass
0.214 Limestone 0.051 Magnesia 0.450 Marble 0.094 Masonry, brick 0.200 Mercury 0.057 Naphtha 0.204 Nickel 0.200 Oil, machine 0.240 Paper 0.203 Phosphorus 0.094 Platinum 0.101 Quartz 0.215 Oil, olive
0.222 0.210 0.200 0.033 0.310 0.109 0.400 0.350 0.32 0.189 0.032 0.188 0.195 0.191 0.056 0.231 0.117 0.116 0.200 0.178 0.330 0.056 0.064 0.472 1.000 0.650 0.570 0.467 0.095
Chalk Coal Coke
Copper, 32 ° to 212 ° F (0–100 ° C ) Copper, 32 ° to 572 ° F (0–100 ° C )
Corundum Ether Fusel oil Glass Graphite Iron, cast Ice Gold
0.198 Sand 0.503 Silica 0.194 Soda 0.564 Silver
0.031 Steel, high carbon 0.201 Steel, mild 0.504 Stone (generally) 0.130 Sulfur 0.110 Sulfuric acid 0.115 Tin (solid) 0.126 Turpentine 0.122
Iron, wrought, 32 ° to 212 ° F (0–100 ° C) 32 ° to 392 ° F (0–200 ° C) 32 ° to 572 ° F (0–300 ° C) 32 ° to 662 ° F (0–350 ° C) Iron, at high temperatures: 1382 ° to 1832 ° F (750–1000 ° C) 1750 ° to 1840 ° F (954–1004 ° C) 1920 ° to 2190 ° F (1049–1199 ° C)
Tin (fluid) Water Wood, fir
0.213
0.218 Wood, oak 0.199 Wood, pine 0.500 Zinc
Kerosene
Table 6. Specific Heat of Gases
Constant Pressure
Constant Volume
Constant Pressure
Constant Volume
Gas
Gas
Acetic acid
0.412 0.238 0.453 0.508 0.217 0.245 0.121
… Chloroform
0.157 0.404 3.409 0.244 0.217 0.480
…
Air
0.168 0.399 0.399 0.171 0.176
Ethylene Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Steam
0.332 2.412 0.173 0.155 0.346
Alcohol Ammonia Carbonic acid Carbonic oxide
Chlorine … Heat Loss from Uncovered Steam Pipes.— The loss of heat from a bare steam or hot- water pipe varies with the temperature difference between the inside of the pipe and the surrounding air. The loss is 2.15 Btu per hour, per square foot of pipe surface, per degree F of temperature difference when the latter is 100 degrees; for a difference of 200 degrees, the loss is 2.66 Btu; for 300 degrees, 3.26 Btu; for 400 degrees, 4.03 Btu; for 500 degrees, 5.18 Btu. Thus, if the pipe area is 1.18 square feet per foot of length, and the temperature difference 300 ° F, the loss per hour per foot of length = 1.18 3 300 3 3.26 = 1154 Btu.
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