Machinery's Handbook, 31st Edition
Mechanical Properties of Iron and Steel
429
Table 13. Strength Data for Iron and Steel
Ultimate Strength
Modulus of Elasticity
Yield Strength, Thousands of Pounds per Square Inch
Tension, Thousands of Pounds per Square Inch, T
Shear, in terms of T
Tension, Millions of psi, E
Shear, a in terms of E 0.40 E 0.40 E 0.40 E 0.40 E 0.40 E 0.40 E 0.40 E 0.43 E 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.39 E 0.38 E 0.38 E … 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.38 E 0.38 E
Compression, in terms of T 3.6 T to 4.4 T 3.6 T to 4.4 T 3.2 T to 3.9 T 3.1 T to 3.4 T 3.0 T to 3.4 T 3.7 T
Material
1.6 T 1.4 T 1.4 T 1.4 T 1.3 T 1.3 T 1.0 T
… 11.6 … 14.2 … 14.5 … 16.0 … 17 … 18 … 19.9
Cast iron, gray, class 20
20 b 25 b 30 b 35 b 40 b 50 b 60 b
class 25 class 30 class 35 class 40 class 50 class 60 malleable
2.8 T
… …
… 30 to 80 c … 40 to 90 d
25 23 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 28
40 to 100 c 60 to 120 d 60 to 100 70 to 200 65 to 70 60 to 103 80 to 182 90 to 213 60 to 100 57 to 80 90 to 162 88 to 190 93 to 188 104 to 172 105 to 170 81 to 179 109 to 220 98 to 192 98 to 209 98 to 210 100 to 238 96 to 228 110 to 228 100 to 179 117 to 187 120 to 285 85 to 125 85 to 95 90 to 100 95 to 230 75 to 85 80 to 85 70 to 175 60 to 75 52 to 62 68 to 82 34 to 54
nodular (ductile iron)
Cast steel, carbon
0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T
30 to 70 45 to 170 45 to 50 40 to 90 50 to 162 20 to 150 30 to 95 25 to 72 27 to 149 60 to 155 62 to 162 56 to 142 60 to 114 46 to 161 68 to 200 62 to 169 68 to 184 51 to 190 81 to 228 59 to 210 69 to 206 60 to 165 63 to 162 45 to 50
T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T
low-alloy
Steel, SAE 950 (low-alloy) 1025 (low-carbon) 1045 (medium-carbon) 1095 (high-carbon) 1112 (free-cuttting)* 1212 (free-cuttting) 1330 (alloy) 2517 (alloy) e
3140 (alloy) 3310 (alloy) e 4023 (alloy) e 4130 (alloy) 4340 (alloy) 4640 (alloy) 4820 (alloy) e 5150 (alloy) 52100 (alloy) 6150 (alloy) 8650 (alloy) 8740 (alloy) 9310 (alloy) e 9840 (alloy)
Steel, stainless, SAE 30302 f
… 35 to 95 … 30 to 60 … 35 to 65 … 50 to 195 … 40 to 70 … 50 to 70 … 30 to 135
0.45 E
30321 f 30347 f 51420 g 51430 h 51446 h 51501 g
… … … … …
0.40 E
Steel, structural common
0.75 T 0.75 T 0.75 T 0.83 T
33 b 28 b 38 b
0.41 E
rivet
… …
rivet, high-strength
Wrought iron … a Synonymous in other literature to the modulus of elasticity in torsion and the modulus of rigidity, G . 23 to 32 b Minimum specified value of the American Society for Testing and Materials. The specifications for the various materials are as follows: Cast iron, ASTM A48; structural steel for bridges and structures, ASTM A7; structural rivet steel, ASTM A141; high-strength structural rivet steel, ASTM A195. c Range of minimum specified values of the ASTM (ASTM A47, A197, and A220). d Range of minimum specified values of the ASTM (ASTM A339) and the Munitions Board Standards Agency (MIL-I-17166A and MIL-I-11466). e Carburizing grades of steel. f Nonhardenable nickel-chromium and chromium-nickel-manganese steel (austenitic).
g Hardenable chromium steel (martensitic). h Nonhardenable chromium steel (ferritic).
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