Machinery's Handbook, 31st Edition
Hardness Testing
505
Table 5. Comparative Hardness Scales for Steel
Rockwell Superficial Hardness Number Superficial Diamond Indenter
Rockwell Hardness Number
Brinell Hardness Number 10-mm Ball, 3000-kgf Load
Diamond Pyramid Hardness Number Vickers
A Scale 60-kgf Load Diamond Indenter
D Scale 100-kgf Load Diamond Indenter
Rockwell C Scale Hardness Number
15-N Scale 15-kgf Load
30-N Scale 30-kgf Load
45-N Scale 45-kgf Load
Tungsten Carbide Ball
Standard Ball
Hultgren Ball
68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22
940 900 865 832 800 772 746 720 697 674 653 633 613 595 577 560 544 528 513 498 484 471 458 446 434 423 412 402 392 382 372 363 354 345 336 327 318 310 302 294 286 279 272 266 260 254 248
85.6 85.0 84.5 83.9 83.4 82.8 82.3 81.8 81.2 80.7 80.1 79.6 79.0 78.5 78.0 77.4 76.8 76.3 75.9 75.2 74.7 74.1 73.6 73.1 72.5 72.0 71.5 70.9 70.4 69.9 69.4 68.9 68.4 67.9 67.4 66.8 66.3 65.8 65.3 64.7 64.3 63.8 63.3 62.8 62.4 62.0 61.5
76.9 76.1 75.4 74.5 73.8 73.0 72.2 71.5 70.7 69.9 69.2 68.5 67.7 66.9 66.1 65.4 64.6 63.8 63.1 62.1 61.4 60.8 60.0 59.2 58.5 57.7 56.9 56.2 55.4 54.6 53.8 53.1 52.3 51.5 50.8 50.0 49.2 48.4 47.7 47.0 46.1 45.2 44.6 43.8 43.1 42.1 41.6
93.2 84.4 75.4 92.9 83.6 74.2 92.5 82.8 73.3 92.2 81.9 72.0 91.8 81.1 71.0 91.4 80.1 69.9 91.1 79.3 68.8 90.7 78.4 67.7 90.2 77.5 66.6 89.8 76.6 65.5 89.3 75.7 64.3 88.9 74.8 63.2 88.3 73.9 62.0 87.9 73.0 60.9 87.4 72.0 59.8 86.9 71.2 58.6 86.4 70.2 57.4 85.9 69.4 56.1 85.5 68.5 55.0 85.0 67.6 53.8 84.5 66.7 52.5 83.9 65.8 51.4 83.5 64.8 50.3 83.0 64.0 49.0 82.5 63.1 47.8 82.0 62.2 46.7 81.5 61.3 45.5 80.9 60.4 44.3 80.4 59.5 43.1 79.9 58.6 41.9 79.4 57.7 40.8 78.8 56.8 39.6 78.3 55.9 38.4 77.7 55.0 37.2 77.2 54.2 36.1 76.6 53.3 34.9 76.1 52.1 33.7 75.6 51.3 32.5 75.0 50.4 31.3 74.5 49.5 30.1 73.9 48.6 28.9 73.3 47.7 27.8 72.8 46.8 26.7 72.2 45.9 25.5 71.6 45.0 24.3 71.0 44.0 23.1 70.5 43.2 22.0
… … … … … … … … …
97 95 92 91 88 87 85 83 81 80 78 76 75 74 72 71 69 68 67 66 64 63 62 60 58 57 56 55 54 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 44 43 42 41 41 40 38 38 37 36 35
(739 ) (722 ) (705 )
… … … … … …
… … ( 688 ) … … ( 670 )
(613) (599) (587) (575) (561) (546) (534) (519 ) (508) (494) (481 ) (469 ) (455 ) 443 432 421
(654 ) (634 ) 615 595
… … … … … … … …
577 560 543 525 512 496 481 469 455 443 432 421 409 400 390 381 371 362 353 344 336 327 319 311 301 294 286 279 271 264 258 253 247 243 237
(500) (487 ) (475 ) (464) (451) 442 432 421
409 400 390 381 371 362 353 344 336 327 319 311 301 294 286 279 271 264 258 253 247 243 237
409 400 390 381 371 362 353 344 336 327 319 311 301 294 286 279 271 264 258 253 247 243 237
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