Machinery's Handbook, 31st Edition
516 Wrought CopperS AND COPPER Alloys Wrought Coppers and Copper Alloys.— Wrought copper alloys can be utilized in the annealed, cold-worked, stress-relieved, or hardened-by-heat-treatment conditions, de - pending on composition and end use. The “temper designation” for copper alloys is de- fined in ASTM Standard Recommended Practice B601, which is applicable to all product forms. Wrought coppers and high-copper alloys, like cast alloys, have a designated minimum copper content and may include other elements to impart special properties. Wrought brasses have zinc as the principal alloying element and may have other designated ele ments. They comprise the copper-zinc alloys; copper-zinc-lead alloys (leaded brasses); and copper-zinc-tin alloys (tin brasses). Four main groups comprise the wrought bronzes; copper-tin-phosphorus alloys (phos- phor bronze); copper-tin-lead-phosphorus alloys (leaded phosphor bronze); copper- aluminum alloys (aluminum bronzes); and copper-silicon alloys (silicon bronze). Wrought copper-nickel alloys, like the cast alloys, have nickel as the principal alloying element. The wrought copper-nickel-zinc alloys are known as “nickel silvers” because of their color. Table 3 lists the nominal composition, properties, and applications of common wrought copper alloys. Table 3. Properties and Applications of Wrought Coppers and Copper Alloys
Strength (ksi) Elonga tion in 2 in. (%) Tensile Yield
Nominal Composi tion (%)
Machin ability Rating a
Name and Number
Fabricating Characteristics and Typical Applications
Excellent hot and cold workability; good forgeability. Fabricated by blanking, coining, coppersmithing, drawing and upsetting, hot forging and pressing, spinning, swaging, stamping. Uses: busbars, bus conductors, waveguides, hollow conductors, lead-in wires and anodes for vacuum tubes, vacuum seals, transistor components, glass to metal seals, coaxial cables and tubes, klystrons, microwave tubes, rectifiers.
C10100 Oxygen-free electronic 99.99 Cu 32 -66 10 -53 55
20
C10200 Oxygen-free copper C10300 Oxygen-free, extra-low phosphorus
99.95 Cu 32-66 10-53 55
20 Fabricating characteristics same as C10100. Uses: busbars, waveguides.
Fabricating characteristics same as C10100. Uses: busbars, electrical conductors, tubular bus, and applications requiring good conductivity and welding or brazing properties. Fabricating characteristics same as C10100. Uses: auto gaskets, radiators, busbars, conductivity wire, contacts, radio parts, winding, switches, terminals, commutator segments; chemical process equipment, printing rolls, clad metals, printed-circuit foil. Fabricating characteristics same as C10100. Uses: refrigerators, air conditioners, gas and heater lines, oil burner tubes, plumbing pipe and tube, brewery tubes, condenser and heat-exchanger tubes, dairy and distiller tubes, pulp and paper lines, tanks; air, gasoline, and hydraulic lines. Fabricating characteristics same as C10100. Uses: downspouts, gutters, roofing, gaskets, auto radiators, busbars, nails, printing rolls, rivets, radio parts. Fabricated by drawing and stranding, stamping. Uses: electrical power transmission where resistance to softening under overloads is desired. Fabricating characteristics same as C10100. Uses: gaskets, radiators, busbars, windings, switches, chemical process equipment, clad metals, printed-circuit foil.
99.95 Cu, 0.003 P 32-55 10-50 50
20
C10400, C10500, C10700 Oxygen-free, silver-bearing
99.95 Cu 32-66 10-53 55
20
C10800 Oxygen-free, low phosphorus
99.95 Cu, 0.009 P 32-55 10-50 50
20
C11000 Electrolytic tough pitch copper
99.90 Cu, 0.04 O 32-66 10-53 55
20
C11000 Electrolytic tough pitch, anneal-resistant C11300, C11400, C11500, C11600 Silver-bearing tough pitch copper
99.90 Cu, 0.04 O, 0.01 Cd 99.90 Cu, 0.04 O, Ag
66
20
32-66 10-53 55
20
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