Machinery's Handbook, 31st Edition
834
Cutting Tools
Lead Angle Equal to Side Cutting Angle
Lead Angle
Side Cutting Edge Angle
Fig. 2. Lead Angle on Single-Point Turning Tool Solid Tool: A solid tool is a cutting tool made from one piece of tool material. Brazed Tool: A brazed tool is a cutting tool having a blank of cutting-tool material per manently brazed to a steel shank. Blank: A blank is an unground piece of cutting-tool material from which a brazed tool is made. Tool Bit: A tool bit is a relatively small cutting tool that is clamped in a holder in such a way that it can readily be removed and replaced. It is intended primarily to be reground when dull and not indexed. Tool-Bit Blank: The tool-bit blank is an unground piece of cutting-tool material from which a tool bit can be made by grinding. It is available in standard sizes and shapes. Tool-Bit Holder: Usually made from forged steel, the tool-bit holder is used to hold the tool bit, to act as an extended shank for the tool bit, and to provide a means for clamping in the tool post. Straight-Shank Tool-Bit Holder: A straight-shank tool-bit holder has a straight shank when viewed from the top. The axis of the tool bit is held parallel to the axis of the shank. Offset-Shank Tool-Bit Holder: An offset-shank tool-bit holder has the shank bent to the right or left, as seen in Fig. 3. The axis of the tool bit is held at an angle with respect to the axis of the shank. Side Cutting Tool: A side cutting tool has its major cutting edge on the side of the cutting part of the tool. The major cutting edge may be parallel or at an angle with respect to the axis of the tool. Indexable Inserts: An indexable insert is a relatively small piece of cutting-tool material that is geometrically shaped to have two or several cutting edges that are used until dull. The insert is then indexed on the holder to apply a sharp cutting edge. When all the cutting edges have been dulled, the insert is discarded. The insert is held in a pocket or against other locating surfaces on an indexable insert holder by means of a mechanical clamping device that can be tightened or loosened easily. Indexable Insert Holder: Made of steel, an indexable insert holder is used to hold index able inserts. It is equipped with a mechanical clamping device that holds the inserts firmly in a pocket or against other seating surfaces. Straight-Shank Indexable Insert Holder: A straight-shank indexable insert tool-holder is essentially straight when viewed from the top, although the cutting edge of the insert may be oriented parallel, or at an angle to, the axis of the holder. Offset-Shank Indexable Insert Holder: An offset-shank indexable insert holder has the head end, or the end containing the insert pocket, offset to the right or left, as shown in Fig. 3.
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