Table 2. ISO Classifications of Hardmetals (Cemented Carbides and Carbonitrides) by Application
Direction of Decrease in Characteristic
Main Types of Chip Removal
Groups of Applications
Symbol and Color
Broad Categories of Materials to be Machined
Designation (Grade)
Specific Material to be Machined
of cut
of carbide
Use and Working Conditions
P Blue
Ferrous with long chips
Finish turning and boring; high cutting speeds, small chip sections, accurate dimensions, fine finish, vibration-free operations Turning, copying, threading, milling; high cutting speeds; small or medium chip sections Turning, copying, milling; medium cutting speeds and chip sections, planing with small chip sections Turning, milling, planing; medium or large chip sections, unfavorable machining conditions Turning, planing, slotting; low cutting speeds, large chip sections, with possible large cutting angles, unfavorable cutting conditions, and work on automatic machines Operations demanding very tough carbides; turning, planing, slotting; low cutting speeds, large chip sections, with possible large cutting angles, unfavorable conditions and work on automatic machines Turning; medium or high cutting speeds, small or medium chip sections
P01
Steel, steel castings
↑ speed ↑ wear resistance
P10 P20
Steel, steel castings
Steel, steel castings, ductile cast iron with long chips Steel, steel castings, ductile cast iron with long chips Steel, steel castings with sand inclusions and cavities Steel, steel castings of medium- or low-tensile strength, with sand inclusions and cavities Steel, steel castings, manganese steel, gray cast iron, alloy cast iron Steel, steel castings, austenitic or manganese steel, gray cast iron Steel, steel castings, austenitic steel, gray cast iron, high-temperature-resistant alloys Mild, free-cutting steel, low-tensile steel, nonferrous metals and light alloys Very hard gray cast iron, chilled castings over 85 Shore, high-silicon aluminum alloys, hardened steel, highly abrasive plastics, hard cardboard, ceramics Gray cast iron over 220 BHN (Brinell), malleable cast iron with short chips, hardened steel, silicon- aluminum and copper alloys, plastics, glass, hard rubber, hard cardboard, porcelain, stone Gray cast iron up to 220 BHN, nonferrous metals, copper, brass, aluminum Low-hardness gray cast iron, low-tensile steel, compressed wood Softwood or hardwood, nonferrous metals
P30
P40
P50
M10
M Yellow
Ferrous metals with long or short chips, and nonferrous metals
M20
Turning, milling; medium cutting speeds and chip sections
M30
Turning, milling, planing; medium cutting speeds, medium or large chip sections Turning, parting off; particularly on automatic machines
M40
K01
Turning, finish turning, boring, milling, scraping
K Red
Ferrous metals with short chips, nonferrous metals and non-metallic materials
K10
Turning, milling, drilling, boring, broaching, scraping
K20
Turning, milling, planing, boring, broaching, demanding very tough carbide Turning, milling, planing, slotting, unfavorable conditions, and possibility of large cutting angles Turning, milling, planing, slotting, unfavorable conditions, and possibility of large cutting angles
K30
↓ feed ↓ toughness
K40
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