Watson McDaniel Steam Design Guide

Pump & Trap Combinations Why use a Pump-Trap?

Heat Exchanger System with Steam Trap

Problem: Condensate Backs Up Into Heat Exchanger The diagram shows a temperature control valve delivering steam to a Heat Exchanger that is using steam to heat water. Condensate formed in the heat exchanger is being discharged through the steam trap into the condensate return line. This particular application demonstrates what happens when the return line is elevated and/or pressurized. The plant steam pressure on the inlet side of the control valve would be adequate to purge (push) the condensate through the trap and into the return line. However, the steam pressure in the heat exchanger is controlled by the valve and is dependent on the demand of the system. When the demand for HOT water is low, the steam pressure in the Heat Exchanger falls below the back pressure and the system backs up with condensate, creating unstable temperature control and waterhammer. This undesirable condition, referred to as Stall, occurs when the steam pressure in the heat exchanger falls to or below the system back pressure due to a decrease in the demand (flow rate)of hot water.

condensate return line pressure

Steam Pressure of 10 PSIG in heat exchanger cannot overcome total back pressure causing condensate to back up

steam control valve

50 PSIG

temperature controller

air vent

condensate return

Steam

temp sensor

Condensate backs up into heat exchanger

Total Back Pressure 15 PSIG

hot water outlet

F&T TRAP

cold water inlet

If Inlet Pressure is not higher than Back Pressure ,

Condensate will back up

BACK PRESSURE

Heat Exchanger System with Pumping Trap

Solution: Use a Pump-Trap to Avoid Condensate Back-up & Improve Temperature Control

steam control valve

condensate return line pressure

50 PSIG

temperature controller

Steam Pressure

To eliminate condensate backing up (STALL), the standard float trap is replaced with a PUMP-TRAP. When steam pressure in the Heat Exchanger is greater than the back pressure, the steam pressure will push the condensate through the Pump-Trap and it functions like a standard float-operated trap. When the steam pressure to the Heat Exchanger drops below the back pressure, the condensate backs up inside the PUMP-TRAP, raising the float. When the trip point of the mechanism is reached, the high-pressure steam valve will open to drive the condensate out.

air vent

condensate return

50 PSIG

Steam

temp sensor

higher pressure steam used to pump condensate can overcome back pressure

balancing line

hot water outlet

pump exhaust

Total Back Pressure 15 PSIG

cold water inlet

condensate drains by gravity into pump tank

inlet check valve

outlet check valve

PUMP TRAP

Solution: Steam Trap is Replaced with Pump-Trap Combination

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Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com

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